某机构质疑膳食指南,认为“低脂饮食”会带来毁灭性的健康后果(附中、英、美三国新版膳食指南)

2016-05-23 Seven L 译 MedSci原创

某个健康慈善机构警告说,要求人们遵循低脂饮食将会带来“灾难性的健康后果”。这份措辞严厉的报告指责公共卫生机构与食品工业勾结,呼吁其对目前的膳食指南进“大修”。他们说低脂肪饮食不能解决英国的肥胖危机,使人发胖的是零食!他们呼吁全方面的饮食,包括肉类、鱼和奶制品,以及高脂肪、健康的食物如鳄梨等,并说,“吃脂肪不会使你发胖!”在科学界引起了巨大的争议的这份报告同时也认为,饱和脂肪不会导致心脏病,而脂

英国的某健康慈善机构警告说,要求人们遵循低脂饮食将会带来“灾难性的健康后果”

这份措辞严厉的报告指责英国公共卫生机构与食品工业勾结,呼吁其对目前的膳食指南“大修”。他们说低脂饮食不能解决英国的肥胖危机,使人发胖的不是脂肪,而是零食!

他们呼吁全方面的饮食,包括肉类、鱼和奶制品,以及高脂肪、健康的食物如鳄梨等,并说,“吃脂肪不会使你发胖!”

这份报告在科学界引起了巨大的争议,他们同时也认为,饱和脂肪不会导致心脏病,而脂肪乳制品,包括牛奶、酸奶和奶酪,实际上可以保护心脏。

标有“低脂肪”、“精简”、“低胆固醇”或“证明能降低胆固醇”的加工食品应该避免,2型糖尿病患者应该多吃富含脂肪的饮食,而不是一个基于碳水化合物的饮食。

报告还说,糖是应该避免的,人们应该停止计算卡路里,认为锻炼可以帮助你摆脱不良的饮食也只是一个神话。相反,饮食中的碳水化合物含量很低,但健康的脂肪含量很高,且是一种能防止体重增加和帮助减肥的有效、安全的方法,同时还可以降低心脏病风险。

报告还说:“吃富含脂肪的乳制品,如奶酪、牛奶和酸奶,实际上可以降低肥胖的风险。”

“最自然、最营养的食物如肉、鱼、蛋、乳制品、坚果、种子、橄榄和鳄梨等都含有饱和脂肪。继续妖魔化无所不在的天然脂肪,将会促使人们远离高营养、促进健康的食品。”

报告的作者还指出,食品科学也受到商业的影响,被“损坏”了。

国家肥胖论坛主席David Haslam教授说:“作为一名每天治疗病人的医生,我很快意识到目前的膳食指南几乎是在说明,高碳水化合物、低脂肪饮食是万能药,这是具有严重缺陷的。”

“尽管有着指南的实施,但是当前的肥胖情况仍比以前严重,这些努力并没有减缓肥胖的脚步。”

公共卫生合作的创始成员,心脏病学家Aseem Malhotra博士说:“当前推荐低脂饮食的膳食指南或许是现代医学史上最大的错误,将会给公共卫生造成毁灭性的后果。”

“可悲的是,这种无益的指南建议仍在继续延续。目前英格兰公共卫生的膳食平衡指南在我看来更像是一个定时炸弹,而不是有利于代谢健康膳食模式。我们必须尽快改变这些针对公众的推荐信息,以扭转肥胖和2型糖尿病风险。”

“吃肥肉也能减肥。不要怕胖,脂肪是你的朋友。现在是脂肪回归的时刻了。”

亚伯丁罗伯特戈登大学的Iain Broom教授说:“继续推荐高碳水化合物、低脂低卡路里饮食作为“健康饮食”将是致命的缺陷。”

“我们的人口在近40年来一直处于一个不受控制的全球实验状态,这已经是一个严重错误。”

皇家医师学院肥胖特别顾问John Wass教授说:“虽然有充分的证据表明,饱和脂肪会增加胆固醇。”

他补充说:“但是我们需要的是平衡的饮食、有规律的运动和正常健康的体重。选择性引用研究将会产生误导公众的风险。”

公共卫生学院的Simon Capewell博士说:“我们完全支持英格兰公共卫生提出的新的健康饮食指南。他们的建议是以科学证据为基础,我们相信科学。并且它没有受到工业的影响。”

“相比之下,国家肥胖论坛的这份报告不是同行审查的,也不知道这是谁写的,如何写出来的,这些都是疑点,不能对其盲目相信。”

英国心脏基金会(BHF)医学副总监Mike Knapton博士说:“虽然这份报告里的所有想法和意见没有提供稳健和全面的证据支持,但是作为英国最大的心脏研究慈善机构,我们将重视该问题,并进行相关调查研究。”

“不过国家的肥胖流行并不是不良饮食指南导致的,这也是我们不同意他们的一方面原因。”

PHE的首席营养师Alison Tedstone博士说:“在所有的证据面前,呼吁人们多吃脂肪,减少碳水化合物和卡路里的摄入是不负责任的。与他们不同的是,我们是独立专家审查所有可用的证据,往往是数以千计的科学论文,并尽一切努力,经过全面的协商,以确保没有偏见的存在。”

格拉斯哥大学的Naveed Sattar教授认为,简单吃更多的脂肪具有高度争议性,并可能导致不良的公共健康后果。

附:

一、英国膳食指南(Eatwell Guide)

1.选择低脂、低盐、低糖食物。
2.每天至少吃5种不同的果蔬。
3.主食包括土豆、面包、米饭、面食以其他淀粉类食物。最好选择全麦(谷)食物、高纤维食物、脂肪和盐与糖较少的主食。
4.每天喝6-8杯水,包括白开水、低脂牛奶、茶、咖啡等无糖饮食。每天喝果汁不超过150毫升。
5.不要经常吃饼干、巧克力、蛋糕和薯片等零食。
6.每周吃两次鱼,其中一次为三文鱼等深海肥鱼,少吃红肉和加工肉。
7.选择低脂低糖奶制品。
8.选择不饱和食用油并尽量少吃。

二、美国膳食指南(Dietary Guidelines)

五条指南:强调健康饮食模式

1.每个人一生都应该遵循健康的饮食模式。你所选择的食物和饮料会影响到你的健康。选择健康的饮食模式包括合适的能量,以帮助你达到和保持健康体重,保证获得充足的营养,减少罹患慢性疾病的风险。

2.重视食物的种类、营养素密度和含量。选择营养素密度高(能量低但营养价值高)的各种食物,在能量限量的范围内,保证营养素的摄入量。
3.限制来自食物中的添加糖和饱和脂肪的能量,并减少钠的摄入量。建立含低添加糖、低饱和脂肪和低钠的饮食模式。减少食用含添加糖、饱和脂肪和钠的食物量,以符合健康饮食模式的要求。

4.向选择更健康的食物和饮料转变。在每类食物及同类食物中选择营养素密度高的来代替相对来说不健康的食物。在进行转变时,应充分考虑文化和个人喜好,以使这些变化更容易实现和维持。

5.支持人人健康饮食模式。在全国范围内,从家庭到学校、到工作场合、到社区,每个人在创建和支持健康饮食模式中都发挥作用。

三点建议:有的多吃有的少吃

新版美国膳食指南对个人提出三点建议:

1.在适合你的能量需要范围内,建立健康的饮食模式,包括食物和饮料。健康的饮食模式包括要有各种蔬菜,包括深绿色、红色和橙色蔬菜,豆类(蚕豆,豌豆),根茎类及其他种类的蔬菜。水果,尤其是整个水果。谷物,其中至少一半应该是全谷物。无脂或低脂奶制品,包括牛奶、酸奶、奶酪或强化的豆奶饮料。多种富含蛋白质的食物,包括海鲜、瘦肉和家禽,蛋类,豆类(蚕豆、豌豆),坚果和豆制品。

2.采取健康的饮食模式,要限制一些成分的摄入,其摄入有量化的建议。在美国,这些成分对公众健康的影响受到特别关注,这些特别的量化规定有助于个人在适宜能量摄入的范围内实现健康饮食模式。每天添加糖提供的能量应少于总能量的10%;每天饱和脂肪酸提供的能量应少于总能量的10%;每天钠的摄入量不超过2300毫克。饮酒,应适量。女士每天不多于1杯,男士每天不多于两杯。儿童和青少年不宜饮酒。

3.指南要求各年龄段的美国人,包括儿童、青少年、成年人和老年人,都应该按照美国居民的身体活动指南的要求,以帮助促进健康和减少慢性疾病的风险。应实现和保持健康体重。

(北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系教授 马冠生)

三、中国膳食指南

1.食物多样,谷类为主。
2.吃动平衡,健康体重。
3.多吃蔬果、奶类、大豆。
4.适量吃鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉。
5.少盐少油,控糖限酒。
6.杜绝浪费,兴新食尚。

详见:“《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》发布,先睹为快!

原始出处:

Official advice to eat low-fat diet is wrong, says health charity. The guardian22 May 2016

《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》发布,先睹为快!


美国发布新版膳食指南

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    2017-04-07 saikp
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    2016-08-29 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-06-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习一下!

    0

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    2016-05-25 zhaojie88
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735073, encodeId=f51f1e3507353, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 11:54:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106609, encodeId=448b10660992, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 07:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90843, encodeId=be9690843c2, content=学习一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jun 22 22:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350300, encodeId=21741350300a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=224a85904ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膳食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85904, encryptionId=224a85904ad, topicName=膳食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed May 25 04:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1390630, encodeId=d22f13906308b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4fb326339ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#低脂饮食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26339, encryptionId=4fb326339ad, topicName=低脂饮食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b78f2500065, createdName=12498761m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 25 04:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1454665, encodeId=863314546657f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c5a8591220' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膳食指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85912, encryptionId=4c5a8591220, topicName=膳食指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=93855584330, createdName=hxj0119, createdTime=Wed May 25 04:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=86891, encodeId=8b5086891a9, content=这么大胆的质疑,会不会被烧死, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9caf1705533, createdName=1de8efebm32(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 23 22:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-05-23 1de8efebm32(暂无匿称)

    这么大胆的质疑,会不会被烧死

    0

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