JAMA: 打破宿命论!健康的生活方式可以抵消阿尔茨海默症的遗传风险

2019-07-16 佚名 生物探索

人们总认为罹患阿尔茨海默症完全是基因在作祟,殊不知你的生活方式也是导致阿尔茨海默症的帮凶。英国一项大规模研究发现,健康的生活方式可以降低患上阿尔茨海默氏症或其他形式痴呆症的风险。

英国埃克塞特大学医学院的Elzbieta Kuzma博士及其同事分析了来自英国生物银行(UK Biobank)年龄在60岁及以上的196,383名具有欧洲血统的成年人数据。研究人员在8年的随访期内发现了1,769例痴呆病例。该团队将参与者分为具有高、中、低痴呆遗传风险的人。

为了评估遗传风险,研究人员查看了以前发表的数据,并确定了阿尔茨海默病的所有已知遗传风险因素。每个遗传风险因素根据其与阿尔茨海默病的相关性增加权重。

为了评估其生活方式,研究人员根据受试者自我报告的饮食、身体活动、吸烟和饮酒量将他们分为有利、中等和不利的类别。研究人员认为目前没有吸烟,经常进行体育锻炼,并保持健康饮食和适度饮酒是健康行为。

该团队发现:遗传风险高,卫生习惯差的人比遗传风险低、保持良好习惯的人患上阿尔茨海默病的可能性高出约三倍。无论有多少遗传风险,良好的饮食,适当的运动,限制酒精和不吸烟会使得痴呆症的可能性降低。

这项研究首次分析了健康的生活方式在多大程度上可以抵消患痴呆症的遗传风险。它表明我们可以采取行动,试图抵消我们患痴呆症的遗传风险。不管遗传风险如何,坚持健康的生活方式都能降低患痴呆症的风险。

但是这项研究也存在一定的局限性。该样本仅限于基线时年龄为60至73岁的欧洲血统的志愿者,因此,需要进一步研究以调查这些发现在何种程度上推广到其他人群。此外,与遗传变异不同,坚持健康的生活方式不是随机分配的。其次,生活方式评分尚未经过独立验证,无法表明本研究之外的高风险生活方式。

在此之前,瑞典和芬兰也进行过相关测试。他们的研究结论是健康的习惯可以帮助预防智力下降。

如此看来,阿尔茨海默症并不是命中注定的“绝症”。健康的生活方式或将成为远离阿尔茨海默症的保护罩。

原始出处:

Ilianna Lourida, et al. Association of Lifestyle and Genetic Risk With Incidence of Dementia. JAMA. Published online July 14, 2019. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9879.

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    2019-07-16 医者仁心5538

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