三阴性乳腺癌:**分类,实现个体化治疗!

2018-08-31 佚名 转化医学网

应用蛋白质组学首次将三阴性乳腺癌可治愈的患者与可能复发的患者精确的区分开来!

对于肿瘤,早期诊断是关键。作为肿瘤的早期诊疗、判断预后的良好指标,肿瘤标志物检测起着不可替代的作用。随着分子生物学和人类基因组计划的进展,越来越多的特异的肿瘤标志物被发现和应用,为肿瘤的早期诊断提供了一个新的途径。

2018首届国际癌症大会暨第三届国际癌症代谢与治疗大会暨第四届全国肿瘤代谢年会将于2018年10月12-14日在上海召开,本次大会重在打造高端的学术交流平台,特设“肿瘤分子标记物”分论坛,汇聚该领域的顶尖专家学家共同探讨新型肿瘤蛋白标记物、新型肿瘤甲基化标记物等热点问题,敬请期待!

本文主要探讨有关三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)个体化诊疗及预后的最具前途的生物标记物。

三阴性乳腺癌

最近被热议的《樱桃小丸子》的作者樱桃子就是因乳腺癌去世,年仅53岁,而这个年龄恰是我国女性乳腺癌的第一个发病高峰期(我国乳腺癌2个发病高峰期分别是40~45岁和70~75岁)。对于女性来说,乳腺癌的确是“红颜杀手”,其中三阴性乳腺癌可以称得上是“高段位”了,具有高度异质性和高侵袭性的特点,而且由于缺少雌激素受体,孕激素受体和HER-2受体,难以通过如今大热的靶向治疗来解决。

相较其他亚型,其对新辅助化疗反应良好,不过残留病灶复发率极高,而且TNBC有6种亚型,不同类型具有不同的治疗反应和预后。因此,TNBC的精确分类对于实现个性化治疗十分重要。

我们知道,三阴性乳腺癌是由多种突变引起的,这些突变以每种患者的独特组合方式共同起作用。到目前为止,在基因层面尚无法找到能够提供预后指标或药物治疗反应的显性基因突变。

最新预后标记物

在8月29日发表在Nature Communications上文章的最新研究成果中,研究人员们的对象并不是基因,而是它们的产物——蛋白质组。

这是一篇来自西班牙国家癌症研究中心(CNIO)的一个小组的研究报告,该报告称,对于三阴性乳腺癌,他们应用蛋白质组学首次将可治愈的患者与可能复发的患者精确的区分开来。而且经过研究分析后,确定了6个具有TNBC独立预后价值的激酶。

随后,他们还在170名患者的研究结果中进行了验证。验证组分为两种模式:体内没有这六种过度活跃激酶的患者,几乎有95%的可能性被治愈或者至少在治疗后12年不再复发。然而,这六种激酶中的即使只有一种处于活跃状态的患者,复发的风险也会增加10倍之多!

复发患者的乳腺组织具有活性磷酸化标记物(左侧;棕色),与未复发且没有这些活性标记物的患者的乳房组织相比(右图)。图片来源:CNIO

令人兴奋的是,有药物可以抑制这六种激酶!

为了证明结果的临床相关性,研究人员又设置了移植有人源肿瘤小鼠模型并最终确定了15种不同药物组合据抗肿瘤活性,选择了其中一对药物组合准备做相关临床试验。

在精准医疗的背景下,运用此类标记物将TNBC患者进行精确分类,对于实现个体化治疗具有非常重要的意义。不过目前还尚不能作为医院的常规检测项目应用,但研究人员已将激酶的激活模式转化为免疫组化的指标,让其在未来成为常规临床试验,类似于今天肿瘤的基因谱分析等。

此外,除了TNBC的预后分析,研究人员还在疾病的其他阶段验证这些标志物,如对晚期患者的治疗应用等。

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    2018-09-02 xlysu
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    2018-09-01 邓启付

    肿瘤标志物对肿瘤的诊断、治疗过程中随访及术后检测有着非常重要的作用。

    0

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