Cell:华人研究再登Cell封面!有望挽救全世界数百万患者生命

2018-05-05 药明康德 学术经纬

在最新一期《细胞》杂志上,我们很高兴地看到来自美国国立卫生研究院的Wei Li博士课题组带来的一项研究荣登封面。这支三分之二都由华人学者组成的科研团队做出的发现,有望在临床医学领域做出重要贡献,挽救患者生命。

在最新一期《细胞》杂志上,我们很高兴地看到来自美国国立卫生研究院的Wei Li博士课题组带来的一项研究荣登封面。这支三分之二都由华人学者组成的科研团队做出的发现,有望在临床医学领域做出重要贡献,挽救患者生命。

和通常的小鼠、斑马鱼、果蝇等动物模型不同,这支研究人员的主要研究对象是一种叫做十三条纹地松鼠(13-lined ground squirrels)的奇妙生物。之所以研究这类松鼠,是因为它们是典型的冬眠动物。在寒冷的冬季,这种动物能进入休眠状态,而极低的代谢,让它们的体温长期保持在10度以下。

这些松鼠的耐寒能力引起了研究人员们的重视。要知道,对于不冬眠的动物来说,如此低的体温,已经足以造成器官的严重损伤,这些松鼠是如何做到冬眠之后若无其事的?如果能找到这个问题的答案,或许能在人类的临床上得到重要应用——对于需要接受器官移植的患者,能够拯救他们生命的肾脏或肝脏往往需要低温运送。如果能避免低温给这些器官带来的损伤,或许就能提高手术的成功率。

在研究的开头,科学家们首先确定了低温对细胞造成损伤的原理。他们发现在低温环境下,大鼠(非冬眠动物)的细胞骨架变得支离破碎,而地松鼠的细胞骨架在低温下也保持完整。这表明细胞骨架的完整程度或许是让细胞熬过低温的关键。

为了更好地进行研究,科学家们制造出了地松鼠的诱导多能干细胞(iPSC),以期用它作为一项重要工具进行后续研究。一项测试表明,这些干细胞诱导出的神经元与正常神经元细胞在耐冷上几乎没有任何差异。这也奠定了后续研究的基础。

在干细胞的助力下,后续研究进行得相当顺利。通过对比冬眠动物与非冬眠动物的细胞,科学家们发现两者的基因表达谱有着显着不同,而和线粒体功能相关的通路变化最大。进一步的探索则表明,遇冷之后,普通动物细胞内的ROS水平会快速且大幅的上升,这与细胞内的氧化应激有关。科学家们推断,正是因为这些ROS的产生,才会氧化、破坏细胞骨架的完整性。

这一推断很快得到了证实。这支团队随后发现,通过引入几种作用于这一机制的药物,哪怕是寻常不冬眠的动物,在低温下也能对细胞进行很好的保护。加入蛋白酶抑制剂后,这一保护效果更为明显。

具体来看,在4度的低温下处理4小时,仅仅有5%的大鼠视网膜细胞还保有功能;而在治疗组中,这一数字高达70%。同样,这种方法能有效保护低温下保存的肾脏,减少潜在的副作用,提高移植的成功率。

正如这支团队在论文的最后所提到的那样,这一全新的技术有望在人类器官中得到广泛应用。据估计,仅仅在中国,每年需要器官移植的患者就高达200万。考虑到中国地域广阔,许多器官在运送到手术台边时,不得不先经过一番低温处理,这对器官的功能会造成一定的影响。倘若这一新技术可行,无疑能将低温的影响降到最小。

从冬眠的松鼠到救人性命的新技术,或许这就是科学转化的魅力所在吧。

原始出处:

Jingxing Ou,et al.iPSCs from a Hibernator Provide a Platform for Studying Cold Adaptation and Its Potential Medical Applications.Cell.Volume 173, Issue 4, p851–863.e16, 3 May 2018

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    2018-05-15 维他命
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2006019, encodeId=df6920060192e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68d629292b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全世界#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29292, encryptionId=68d629292b6, topicName=全世界)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKnILSXam1GxPwj04ylEzibYLFA2eGl5Ev02klt80JA0xejMPqrn0mYHNNnLEgyqYTPbicXpY3tn6SA/132, createdBy=38fd2500059, createdName=新生儿张玉军, createdTime=Wed Feb 20 10:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960882, encodeId=5bc3196088249, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue May 15 05:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870613, encodeId=490b18e0613cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 07:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316758, encodeId=b63c316e5828, content=为华人研究者点赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/15/9c716182aa0f76450e0ff408cd6d5bed.jpg, createdBy=b86f1764128, createdName=苦惯了, createdTime=Sun May 20 00:19:39 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316757, encodeId=2433316e5796, content=为中国点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/15/9c716182aa0f76450e0ff408cd6d5bed.jpg, createdBy=b86f1764128, createdName=苦惯了, createdTime=Sun May 20 00:19:20 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1582012, encodeId=552715820122c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=830c35868ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#华人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35868, encryptionId=830c35868ec, topicName=华人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f7716881423, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Mon May 07 04:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312428, encodeId=fc09312428fc, content=学习学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun May 06 06:37:31 CST 2018, time=2018-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312302, encodeId=f0f5312302c2, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Sat May 05 20:38:16 CST 2018, time=2018-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-20 苦惯了

    为华人研究者点赞!

    0

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    2018-05-20 苦惯了

    为中国点赞

    0

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    2018-05-06 kafei

    学习学习谢谢分享

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    2018-05-05 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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