Saudi J Anaesthesia:警惕!气管插管后可能出现皮下气肿!

2019-05-08 风清扬 医博士

患者57岁,女性,身高150cm,50kg。全麻下接受腰椎间盘切除术。在用异丙酚和罗库溴铵诱导麻醉后,进行气管插管,较为顺利。麻醉维持采用七氟烷(FiO2=0.5)。术中未见不良事件发生,手术结束时患者可自主呼吸,取出气管插管。插管到拔管的时间为75min。

病例介绍

患者57岁,女性,身高150cm,50kg。全麻下接受腰椎间盘切除术。在用异丙酚和罗库溴铵诱导麻醉后,进行气管插管,较为顺利。麻醉维持采用七氟烷(FiO2=0.5)。术中未见不良事件发生,手术结束时患者可自主呼吸,取出气管插管。插管到拔管的时间为75min。

转至普通病房8小时后,患者脸、脖子和上胸逐渐肿胀,伴有轻度呼吸窘迫。诊断为皮下气肿。随后将患者转入ICU,CT扫描证实了皮下气肿的诊断,气管周围上纵隔有空气,无气胸迹象(图1)。胸部CT没有发现任何明显的气管损伤迹象(图2)。


图1:CT显示皮下气肿


图2:CT显示气管完整

患者病情稳定,给予吸氧,接下来几天,通过保守治疗,患者症状逐渐减轻。

讨论

皮下气肿的原因有很多,可分为机械因素,包括插管期间的创伤、袖套过度充气与剧烈咳嗽等,以及解剖因素。最常见的两个原因是袖套过度充气和气管的突然移动,因为由气管本身引起的直接撕裂是罕见的。本病例中,患者气管插管顺利,可排除气管导管造成的损伤。患者在俯卧位进行脊柱手术,这样由于从插管到拔管的两个位置变化,头颈部突然运动造成的损伤不能被排除。

本病例中,术后8小时观察到皮下气肿,保守治疗后好转。纤维支气管镜检查是确诊和检查病变部位最佳方法。而由于CT胸片显示气管损伤为阴性,所以支气管镜检查可以明确诊断。综上,本案例中患者出现皮下气肿可能是由于气管插管过度充气,且患者突然改变体位。

原始出处:

Ghosh I , Behera P , Das B , et al. Subcutaneous emphysema after endotracheal intubation: A case report.[J]. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 2018, 12(2):348-349.

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    2019-05-28 AspirantSuo
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    2019-09-09 654378501

    有没有更详细解释

    0

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    2019-05-12 SCI我的梦

    没看明白

    0

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    2019-05-09 skhzy

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