NEURON:用磁场增强记忆力

2017-03-31 佚名 康健新视野

大脑对于声音的记忆和处理在我们的日常生活中发挥了超乎想象的重要作用,如果没有这个能力,人们甚至都无法使用语言进行交流。近日,来自加拿大的科学们发现了声音信号在大脑中的传递和处理的机制,更重要的是,他们发现通过磁场刺激可以加强大脑对于声音的记忆力。这项研究发表在了近日的《细胞》子刊《Neuron》上。

大脑对于声音的记忆和处理在我们的日常生活中发挥了超乎想象的重要作用,如果没有这个能力,人们甚至都无法使用语言进行交流。近日,来自加拿大的科学们发现了声音信号在大脑中的传递和处理的机制,更重要的是,他们发现通过磁场刺激可以加强大脑对于声音的记忆力。这项研究发表在了近日的《细胞》子刊《Neuron》上。

先前的研究发现,大脑中一个称之为“背部流”(dorsal stream )的神经网络主要负责对于声音的记忆。在这个神经网络里,科学家们观察到一种叫做θ波的有节奏的电脉冲的传递。但是θ波对于声音的记忆和处理有什么作用并不清楚。

为了研究这个问题,来自加拿大麦吉尔大学(McGill University)的科学家们招募了 17 位志愿者参加了一项声音记忆试验。在试验中,每位志愿者会听到一组音调并记下来,随后他们被要求在这组音调被反过来播放时能够认出这组音调。在这个过程中,研究人员会同时记录他们的脑电波和脑磁波。脑电波和脑磁波联合记录能够获取志愿者在进行声音记忆时脑部θ波的幅度和频率,以及其传播过程。


▲θ波的产生(图片来源:《Nature Communications》)

基于这些θ波数据,科研人员使用经颅磁刺激来研究外来磁场刺激对于声音记忆的影响。研究发现,当使用和每位受试者所产生的θ波频率相同的磁场对其进行刺激后,受试者在声音记忆试验中的表现明显变好了。而如果换作毫无规律的磁场刺激后,受试者在试验中的表现没有什么变化。这项研究不仅显示出了θ波在声音记忆中的关键作用,更重要的是,它指出了一种增强大脑功能的方法。

这项研究的第一作者 Philippe Albouy 博士表示:“这项研究告诉我们,使用与大脑自然产生的电信号相同频率的磁刺激,能够显着改善大脑记忆功能。同样的方法可以应用到其它认知功能上,比如说视觉、感觉和学习。”

科研人员计划开展更进一步的研究,首先希望能将磁刺激产生的效果延长,其次将研究同样的方法在其它认知和记忆力测试中的作用。这项研究也有很大的临床应用前景,科研人员希望有朝一日能够通过这个方法来帮助阿兹海默病患者恢复记忆和认知能力。

原始出处:
Philippe Albouy, Aurélien Weiss, Sylvain Baillet, et al. Selective Entrainment of Theta Oscillations in the Dorsal Stream Causally Enhances Auditory Working Memory Performance. NEURON, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.015.

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    2017-05-17 by2021
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751834, encodeId=701d1e518349d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Wed May 17 06:47:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185637, encodeId=dbcc18563e14, content=我要成超人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 00:15:53 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185505, encodeId=08531855053f, content=文章不错,值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 06 08:38:49 CST 2017, time=2017-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184661, encodeId=29c618466162, content=有助于考试学习吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 21:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184346, encodeId=547218434662, content=厉害了Word大磁场, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Sat Apr 01 17:25:29 CST 2017, time=2017-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-07 qjzhai1623

    我要成超人

    0

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    2017-04-06 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

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    0

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    2017-04-02 jin321

    有助于考试学习吗

    0

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    2017-04-01 baihao215

    厉害了Word大磁场

    0

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