2016血液病患者药物性肝损伤的预防和规范化治疗专家共识发布

2016-07-19 佚名 中华血液学杂志

肝脏是药物代谢的主要场所,因此成为药物损伤的主要器官之一。据WHO统计,药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)已经上升为全球肝病死亡原因的第5位。DILI的发生率为1.4% ~8.1%。对于血液病患者,特别是血液肿瘤患者,治疗中常用的抗肿瘤药物和其他的基础药物是导致血液病患者DILI的主要原因。 由于新药的不断出现和对DILI认识的进展,由《中华血液

肝脏是药物代谢的主要场所,因此成为药物损伤的主要器官之一。据WHO统计,药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)已经上升为全球肝病死亡原因的第5位。DILI的发生率为1.4% ~8.1%。对于血液病患者,特别是血液肿瘤患者,治疗中常用的抗肿瘤药物和其他的基础药物是导致血液病患者DILI的主要原因。
 
由于新药的不断出现和对DILI认识的进展,由《中华血液学杂志》杂志社再次组织国内血液学领域专家,反复讨论后形成了2016年版的专家共识,供临床医务人员参考。
 
(一)DILI的定义


DILI是指由各类处方或非处方的化学药物、生物制剂、传统中药、天然药等所诱发的肝损伤。急性DILI发生率约占DILI的90%以上,多发生在药物应用后的第5~90天;慢性DILI发生率相对较低,肝功能异常多发生于停药后3个月。急性胆汁淤积型或混合型DILI在停用可疑药物后,生化指标异常可能持续超过3个月甚至1年。DILI可因药物的固有毒性引起,也可由患者的特异体质导致。前者呈剂量依赖性肝毒性,在用药和发生肝损伤之间有相对固定的潜伏期;后者则与遗传因素密切相关,为特异异质性肝脏药物反应。DILI发生率及病死率与药物本身特点、剂量、患者年龄、性别、对药物的易感性、免疫状态、药物是否联用等诸多因素相关,并非每例患者都有基础性肝病。由于DILI发病多无特异性的临床症状和体征,大多在常规肝功能检测时被发现,因此临床上仍无公认的有效预测和预防DILI的有效方法。
 
(二)DILI的发生机制
 
DILI的发生机制尚未完全阐明,目前认为可能主要通过以下三大途径:
 
①药物及其代谢产物的直接作用;
②免疫介导的肝细胞损伤;
③其他影响因素,包括氧化应激、线粒体失能和静脉窦内皮损伤导致静脉闭塞等。遗传因素在个体对药物的特异敏感性和DILI中起着重要作用,如CYP450酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和IL-10的基因多态性等。近年来,由于分子生物学技术的进步,采用基因组学技术寻找DILI的特异性易感基因或位点正在成为新的研究方向和热点。
 
(三)DILI的危害 
 
DILI可造成患者严重的肝功能损害,可以发展为肝功能衰竭甚至导致死亡。药物诱发的肝细胞性黄疸预后较差,发生急性肝功能衰竭(ALF)的患者病死率为37%。恶性血液病患者化疗时,除可因化疗药物的直接细胞毒作用和药物代谢后造成肝细胞超负荷导致肝损伤外,还可因化疗后骨髓抑制期发生的各种感染以及随之应用的各种抗生素导致肝损伤。由于肝功能损害,迫使化疗强度减低,从而影响化疗的疗效,导致患者的中位生存期明显缩短。

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    2016-07-20 jetleo

    干货

    0

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    2016-07-19 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844503, encodeId=183e18445036c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 21:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1691326, encodeId=ba641691326c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a6cc90633f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#规范化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90633, encryptionId=a6cc90633f2, topicName=规范化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=869a29217831, createdName=windight, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 12:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1338756, encodeId=33d01338e564e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d3d812280b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81228, encryptionId=9d3d812280b, topicName=肝损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=198d2500149, createdName=12498bd5m16暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 05:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397034, encodeId=77ed139e03485, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 05:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540059, encodeId=56101540059c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52f28e736c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87736, encryptionId=52f28e736c9, topicName=药物性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55e413178317, createdName=yangfl10, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 05:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93760, encodeId=387793e601b, content=干货, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Jul 20 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93668, encodeId=255b93668e8, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 15:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93669, encodeId=3e299366941, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 15:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-19 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

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