Science:活久见,蟑螂认字了!新型人工神经可修复假肢

2018-06-01 小通 生物通

5月31日,《Science》杂志报道了由世界杰出女科学、斯坦福大学教授鲍哲南领导的这项工作,这是为假肢创建人工皮肤的第一步,相信在不久的将来,截肢患者也能在人工感觉神经系统的帮助下恢复知觉,也许有一天,人类也将赋予机器人一些反射能力。


5月31日,《Science》杂志报道了由世界杰出女科学、斯坦福大学教授鲍哲南领导的这项工作,这是为假肢创建人工皮肤的第一步,相信在不久的将来,截肢患者也能在人工感觉神经系统的帮助下恢复知觉,也许有一天,人类也将赋予机器人一些反射能力。

鲍哲南教授长期致力于柔性电子研究,2015年她被《Science》杂志评为对全球科学界产生重大影响的年度十大人物之一。“在我们眼中理所当然的皮肤,在看不见的层面却是一个复杂的传感、信号和决策系统,”这篇文章的通讯作者鲍教授说。“这种人工感觉神经系统是为各种应用提供皮肤感知的一个阶梯。”

鲍教授想模仿天然皮肤如何伸展、自我修复以及智能地将愉快的感觉传递给大脑。在新文章中,研究人员论述了如何构建一个人工的感觉神经回路,并将该回路嵌入神经假肢装置和软机器人的皮肤样覆盖物。

该神经回路集成了团队之前发明的三个元件:

1)可以检测到微小力的触摸传感器;2)传递传感器信号的灵活电子神经元(出现在新文章中的触摸传感器和电子神经元皆是鲍教授实验室最新研发的改良版本);3)人造突触晶体管,来自前两个元件的信号能刺激这个模仿人类突触的元件。突触晶体管是国立首尔大学Tae-Woo Lee的灵感。他之前在鲍教授实验室度过了他的休假年,随后促成了这项合作研究。

“生物突触可以传递信号,也可以储存信息帮助做出简单决定,”文章共同通讯作者Lee说。突触晶体管在人工神经回路中执行这些功能,它被设计成具有识别和输入低功率信号强度和频率的能力,就像生物突触一样。

他们用膝关节反射实验作为验证,证明人工神经回路在赋予假肢或机器人感觉和反射能力方面极具潜力。

他们将人工神经连接到蟑螂腿上,并向它们的触摸传感器施加微小的压力增量。电子神经元将传感器信号转换成数字信号,突触晶体管传递信号使蟑螂腿随压力增加或减少有力或无力的抽动(不同压力强度,蟑螂腿的弹跳反射强度不同)。

他们还证明,人工神经可以检测各种触摸感觉,在一项实验中,研究人员发现这些人工神经能区分盲文字母。另一个实验,他们在传感器上以不同方向滚动一个圆柱体,发现这些传感器能准确地检测运动的方向。

研究人员称人工神经技术仍处于初级阶段,如果为假肢装备人造皮肤覆盖物还需考虑到热量等其他知觉,以及如何将它们嵌入柔性电路然后将装置与大脑连接。

课题组还希望用这些低功率的人工传感器网络覆盖机器人,让机器人获得与人类皮肤相同的反馈从而让它们更敏捷。

原始出处:

Yeongin Kim1,et al.A bioinspired flexible organic artificial afferent nerve.Science  01 Jun 2018:Vol. 360, Issue 6392, pp. 998-1003 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0098

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    2018-06-03 jichang
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    2018-06-03 xlwang2695
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    2018-06-03 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

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    2018-06-02 kafei

    学习学习谢谢分享

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    2018-06-02 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢

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    2018-06-02 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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    2018-06-02 有备才能无患

    5月31日.杂志报道了由世界杰出女科学.斯坦福大学教授鲍哲南领导的这项工作.这是为假肢创建人工皮肤的第一步.相信在不久的将来.截肢患者也能在人工感觉神经系统的帮助下恢复知觉.也许有一天.人类也将赋予机器人一些反射能力.

    0