Nat Nanotechnol:华人科学家郭培宣教授发明新型RNA纳米技术来“装饰”外泌体可有效抑制肿瘤生长

2017-12-13 Johnny “外泌体之家”微信号

一项新的研究表明,将抗体样(即Y形状)RNA纳米颗粒附着到微泡上可以将有效的RNA治疗剂如小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)特异性地递送给癌细胞。研究人员利用RNA纳米技术来应用RNA纳米颗粒并控制它们的去向,以产生能够在动物模型中成功靶向三种类型癌症的载有治疗剂的细胞外囊泡。该研究结果发表在最新的Nature Nanotechnology杂志上,可促进使用siRNA、microRNA和其他RNA干扰

一项新的研究表明,将抗体样(即Y形状)RNA纳米颗粒附着到微泡上可以将有效的RNA治疗剂如小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)特异性地递送给癌细胞。研究人员利用RNA纳米技术来应用RNA纳米颗粒并控制它们的去向,以产生能够在动物模型中成功靶向三种类型癌症的载有治疗剂的细胞外囊泡。该研究结果发表在最新的Nature Nanotechnology杂志上,可促进使用siRNA、microRNA和其他RNA干扰技术的新一代抗癌药物的开发。该研究由俄亥俄州立大学药学院和俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心——詹姆斯癌症医院和索洛夫研究所(OSUCCC-James)的研究人员领导。

该研究通讯作者俄亥俄州立大学药学院讲席教授郭培宣博士说:“使用siRNA和RNA干扰技术的疗法正在改革癌症治疗。但是,由于无法将药物直接输送到人体内的癌细胞,评估这些药物的临床试验却一个接一个地失败了。”

郭教授指出,即使药物到达并进入癌细胞,它们被困在称为胞内体的内部囊泡中,还是没无法发挥效果。

“我们的发现解决了阻碍这些有希望的抗癌治疗方案的两个主要问题:将囊泡靶向递送至肿瘤细胞,并在癌细胞摄取后将治疗剂从胞内体中释放出来。在这项研究中,将这些颗粒全身注射到患有来自人类患者的肿瘤的动物模型后,癌症停止生长。”郭教授说。“我们正在努力将这项技术转化为临床应用。”

郭和他的同事们制备了胞外微泡,这些微泡携带抗体样RNA分子,这种分子被称为适配体,与三种肿瘤类型中的每一种过度表达的表面标志物结合:

1.为了抑制前列腺癌,将囊泡设计成与前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)结合;

2.为了抑制乳腺癌,囊泡被设计为与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)结合;

3.为了抑制人类来源的结肠直肠癌移植物,将囊泡设计成结合叶酸受体。

作为测试疗法,所有囊泡都装载有用于下调生存素(Survivin)基因的小干扰RNA。生存素基因抑制细胞凋亡,并在许多癌症类型中过表达。

该研究的主要发现包括:

1.靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原的囊泡在动物模型中完全抑制前列腺癌生长,没有观察到毒性。

2.靶向EGFR的囊泡在动物模型中抑制乳腺癌生长。

3.靶向叶酸受体的囊泡在动物模型中显着抑制了人类患者来源的结肠直肠癌的肿瘤生长。

郭教授说:“总的来说,我们的研究表明,RNA纳米技术可以用来编程天然细胞外囊泡,特异性地将干扰RNA传递给癌细胞。”

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    2018-10-02 liye789132251
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    2018-05-05 shock_melon
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