Nat Med:脂肪燃烧也有生物钟!晚上锻炼减肥效果更好

2016-12-22 生物探索 生物探索

导读 当动物清醒及活动时,肌肉主要使用葡萄糖(碳水化合物)供能,而睡眠时则使用脂肪作为燃料。近日,来自贝勒医学院等机构的一项研究表明,破坏这种自然循环,改变肌肉耗能偏好可能会导致糖尿病,但令人惊讶的是,同时也增强了运动耐力。这项研究发表于Nature Medicine杂志上。

导读 当动物清醒及活动时,肌肉主要使用葡萄糖(碳水化合物)供能,而睡眠时则使用脂肪作为燃料。近日,来自贝勒医学院等机构的一项研究表明,破坏这种自然循环,改变肌肉耗能偏好可能会导致糖尿病,但令人惊讶的是,同时也增强了运动耐力。这项研究发表于Nature Medicine杂志上。



当动物清醒及活动时,肌肉主要使用葡萄糖(碳水化合物)供能,而睡眠时则使用脂肪作为燃料。近日,来自贝勒医学院等机构的一项研究表明,破坏这种自然循环,改变肌肉耗能偏好可能会导致糖尿病,但令人惊讶的是,同时也增强了运动耐力。这种耗能偏好的转变由一种名为蛋白脱乙酰酶3(HDAC3)的分子控制。这一发现意味着在恰当时间运动能更高效地减少体脂肪,但也出现了使用HDAC抑制剂禁药提升耐力运动的担忧。这项研究发表于Nature Medicine杂志上。


“肌肉如何使用葡萄糖是由其内在生物钟所调控的。”本文主要作者Zheng Sun博士说。 生物钟调控着一系列基因的表达水平,使它们呈现24小时的周期性变化。HDAC3是生物钟和基因表达之间的关键连接点。该研究小组以前的工作发现,HDAC3可以帮助肝脏交替生产葡萄糖和脂质。在本研究中,他们考察了HDAC3如何调控骨骼肌中不同能源的使用。

骨骼肌在控制身体血糖方面扮演着重要角色。它们消耗大部分的葡萄糖,一旦出现胰岛素抵抗,不能正常使用葡萄糖,就可能发展为糖尿病。为了研究HDAC3在小鼠骨骼肌中的作用,Sun和同事通过基因工程室构建了特异性敲除骨骼肌HDAC3基因的小鼠。然后,他们将这些敲除的小鼠与正常小鼠进行比较,以观察的小鼠肌肉的能量代谢过程。

HDAC3敲除小鼠出现胰岛素抵抗,但运动耐力提升

当正常小鼠摄食时,它们血糖升高,胰岛素释放,刺激肌肉吸收并使用葡萄糖作为能量来源。 “而敲除小鼠在摄食后虽然同样升高血糖及释放胰岛,但它们的肌肉无法摄入和使用葡萄糖,”Sun说,“缺乏HDAC3使小鼠出现胰岛素抵抗,这更容易发展成糖尿病。”

然而,当HDAC3敲除的小鼠在跑步机上跑步时,它们显示出优异的耐力,“这十分有趣,因为糖尿病通常与较差的肌肉性能相关,”Sun说, “葡萄糖是肌肉的主要燃料,如果葡萄糖的使用被限制,那么耐力运动表现本应不佳,实验结果却恰好相反,这十分令人惊讶。

HDAC3敲除小鼠肌肉消耗脂肪增加

研究人员使用代谢组学方法确定到底是什么原因促进了HDAC3敲除的小鼠的运动表现,结果发现它们的肌肉分解更多的氨基酸。肌肉耗能偏好从葡萄糖转移到脂质,使得小鼠能够非常有效地燃烧脂质。同时也解释了小鼠高耐力运动表现,因为身体以脂肪形式储存的能量要比碳水化合物多得多。

这一发现挑战了运动员之间广泛应用的糖原负荷法(Carbo-loading)战略——在一些长跑比赛前,运动员往往在饮食中增加含糖更高的食物,为比赛储备能量。 “在农业发明之前,糖原负荷法没有进化的意义,”Sun说, “将肌肉的耗能偏好从碳水化合物转为脂质可以增加运动耐力,特别是对于低强度运动。该研究表明,目前正在测试用于治疗几种疾病的小分子药物——HDAC抑制剂,或许可以用于操纵肌肉中的这种燃料开关,因此可能被列入运动禁药名单中。

生物钟通过HDAC3影响肌肉耗能

该研究团队进行了许多功能基因组学研究,并建立了HDAC3和生物钟之间的联系。 “在正常小鼠清醒时,肌肉中的生物钟预测摄食周期,并利用HDAC3关闭多种代谢基因,这导致肌肉使用更多的碳水化合物。 “当动物要睡觉时,肌肉中的生物钟又预测一个空腹周期,HDAC3的效应被抑制,这导致肌肉使用更多的脂质。

虽然这些研究是在小鼠中进行的,研究人员推测人类肌肉耗能过程可能也遵循相同的循环周期。这项研究提示我们,在肌肉利用脂质的期间——对人类而言是晚上,增强锻炼活动可以提升机体脂肪燃烧的效率。想要减肥?晚餐后散步或许是个不错的选择。

原始出处:

[2] Sungguan Hong,et al. Dissociation of muscle insulin sensitivity from exercise endurance in mice by HDAC3 depletion. Nature Medicine .19 December 2016.

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    2017-04-25 liye789132251
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    2016-12-24 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了,知道了!

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