Nat Commun:科学家发现睡眠不足会降低社交意愿,让人感觉更孤独,而且这种孤独感还会传染

2018-08-26 奇点糕 奇点网

不管是因为客观原因不能睡,还是因为主观原因不想睡,总之,睡眠不足也可以算是一种“现代病”了。我们对睡眠不足的危害的关注普遍集中在糖尿病和心血管疾病上,不过,大家有没有想过,它可能还会损害你的社交意愿,甚至,这种损害还会“传染”呢?

不管是因为客观原因不能睡,还是因为主观原因不想睡,总之,睡眠不足也可以算是一种“现代病”了。我们对睡眠不足的危害的关注普遍集中在糖尿病血管疾病上,不过,大家有没有想过,它可能还会损害你的社交意愿,甚至,这种损害还会“传染”呢?

上周,《自然通讯》杂志就发表了这样一项研究,加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员发现,睡眠不足会导致人更“孤独”,社交意愿减少,与之有关的大脑神经通路也会发生与行为一致的变化。而且,没有参与睡眠试验的“观察员”在不知道试验目的的情况下,观摩了睡眠不足的志愿者的访谈后表示,自己也感受到了孤独!


文章通讯作者Eti Ben Simon(左)和Matthew P. Walker(右)

竟然这么神奇!

为了进行研究,研究人员招募了18名志愿者,将他们分成两组,一组正常睡觉,一组彻夜不眠,第二天,研究人员对所有志愿者进行了一系列测试。

首先是关于社交距离的测量。什么是社交距离呢?简单来说就是,志愿者在原地站定,另一个人从远处迎面向志愿者走近,直到志愿者感觉“别再靠近了!再靠近我就要跑了!”的时候喊停,也就是说,在这个距离以内的接触就会让志愿者感觉“不舒服”了,这就是他的社交距离。

试验流程

社交距离通常用在与陌生人或不熟悉的人的会面中,如果社交距离增加的话,那说明志愿者对社交更加排斥,社交意愿降低(想想也是,希望别人离自己远远的,那应该确实没有什么交谈的欲望吧,除非是刘三姐)。这个试验要做两次,不过第二次的时候采用的是录像的方式,录像中的人逐渐向志愿者靠近,同时研究人员对志愿者进行大脑的功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描,记录大脑中神经通路的活动。

结果如何呢?

两次社交距离试验的结果都显示,睡眠不足的志愿者社交距离明显增加了!增加的距离分别为4.7±2.1cm和5.76±2.8cm,在过去的研究中,有大约1/3的与社交障碍有关的疾病,比如孤独症和精神分裂症患者都会发生社交距离增加这样的变化。


两次试验睡眠充足志愿者的社交距离(蓝)与睡眠不足的志愿者(黄)的对比

fMRI扫描的结果则显示,与睡眠充足的志愿者相比,睡眠不足的志愿者有两条神经通路的活性出现了明显变化,一条与感知潜在威胁有关(near space network),一条与鼓励社交互动有关(theory of mind network)。一看这两条神经通路的功能,估计大家就猜到了,是的,感知潜在威胁的通路活动增加了3倍左右,而鼓励社交互动的通路活动则减少了4倍之多。

除了社交距离,研究人员还对每位志愿者单独进行了一些访谈并且录了像,然后让招募的1033名“观察员”逐一观看,对录像中的志愿者的“孤独程度”和自己是否愿意和ta进行社交做出评估。这些观察员既不知道志愿者的睡眠状况,也不知道这次研究的目的,这样就保证了他们所做出的判断是客观的。

大多数观察员给出的评估结果都表明,几位睡眠不足的志愿者看起来更孤独,而且不太“社会化”,自己也不是很愿意和他们进行互动或者是有什么合作。而且观察员普遍反映,在看录像看到1分钟左右之后,他们感觉志愿者的孤独感似乎“传染”给了自己。(写到这,奇点糕感觉似乎都有点被“传染”了......)

睡眠不足除了是因为不睡之外,还可能是睡眠质量不好,因此,在另一个试验里,研究人员对每位志愿者的睡眠质量进行了监控,然后在第二天询问他们“是不是感觉和其他人不在一个世界?”“是不是有无人可倾诉的感觉?”以此来判断志愿者的孤独感的程度。在这个小样本中,研究人员发现,前一天晚上的睡眠质量是可以预测第二天的社交意愿和孤独感的,睡眠质量越好,社交意愿越高,孤独感也就越弱。

总而言之,言而总之,这项研究表明,睡眠不足会导致孤独感增加和社交意愿降低,并且伴随相应的大脑神经通路的变化。

根据研究人员的介绍,社交隔离和孤独都是过早死亡的高风险因素,它们的影响甚至已经远超肥胖(奇点糕表示有点惊讶),所以研究人员对此非常重视,毕竟熬夜之类的原因导致的睡眠不足是可以人为避免的。通讯作者之一,Matthew Walker教授表示,“从积极的方面来说,晚上有一个好的睡眠会让你感到更加外向,在社交上更有自信,更吸引人。所以,我们都需要好的、充足的睡眠。”

原始出处:Eti Ben Simon, Matthew P. Walker . Sleep loss causes social withdrawal and loneliness. Nat Commun. 14 August 2018

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    2019-05-21 liye789132251
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    2019-04-09 gcwu82

    值得借鉴学习

    0

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    2019-06-17 liuli5079
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883275, encodeId=c7df18832e52f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue May 21 09:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364353, encodeId=74c8364353ae, content=值得借鉴学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Tue Apr 09 09:31:48 CST 2019, time=2019-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802565, encodeId=744018025654b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Mon Dec 17 16:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2087410, encodeId=f193208e41024, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949868, encodeId=4e2d194986823, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56cb45442b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#孤独感#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45442, encryptionId=56cb45442b2, topicName=孤独感)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 23 00:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1603422, encodeId=16ac160342287, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=657ce391325' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#社交#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73913, encryptionId=657ce391325, topicName=社交)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=004519034290, createdName=fengyi818, createdTime=Tue Aug 28 09:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=341044, encodeId=2a3234104416, content=所以说早睡早起到底有多重要!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340948, encodeId=0a12340948a7, content=好孤独啊,深有同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e1ee1608797, createdName=huangshang9812, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 21:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-08-28 fengyi818
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883275, encodeId=c7df18832e52f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue May 21 09:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364353, encodeId=74c8364353ae, content=值得借鉴学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Tue Apr 09 09:31:48 CST 2019, time=2019-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1802565, encodeId=744018025654b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=acfae485578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科学家发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74855, encryptionId=acfae485578, topicName=科学家发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e572480, createdName=旅苦化文_208, createdTime=Mon Dec 17 16:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2087410, encodeId=f193208e41024, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949868, encodeId=4e2d194986823, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56cb45442b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#孤独感#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45442, encryptionId=56cb45442b2, topicName=孤独感)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Sun Jun 23 00:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1603422, encodeId=16ac160342287, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=657ce391325' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#社交#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73913, encryptionId=657ce391325, topicName=社交)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=004519034290, createdName=fengyi818, createdTime=Tue Aug 28 09:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=341044, encodeId=2a3234104416, content=所以说早睡早起到底有多重要!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 07:04:02 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340948, encodeId=0a12340948a7, content=好孤独啊,深有同感, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e1ee1608797, createdName=huangshang9812, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 21:53:14 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-27 太阳系小猪

    所以说早睡早起到底有多重要!

    0

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    2018-08-26 huangshang9812

    好孤独啊,深有同感

    0

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