PNAS:肿瘤抑制基因ASPP2作为分子开关控制细胞自噬

2012-08-03 Beyond 生物谷

身体有一个内置的自食称为自噬或系统控制细胞生或死的系统。自噬过程的失调与人类疾病包括神经变性和癌症的发展密切相关。 近日,在Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences杂志上发表的一项研究,牛津路德维格癌症研究学会科学家发现了一个调节自噬的关键分子开关。他们还研究了自噬和衰老永久即细胞停止生长之间的联系。 研究人员发现一种肿瘤抑制基因A

身体有一个内置的自食称为自噬或系统控制细胞生或死的系统。自噬过程的失调与人类疾病包括神经变性和癌症的发展密切相关。

近日,在Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences杂志上发表的一项研究,牛津路德维格癌症研究学会科学家发现了一个调节自噬的关键分子开关。他们还研究了自噬和衰老永久即细胞停止生长之间的联系。
 
研究人员发现一种肿瘤抑制基因ASPP2作为一种分子开关,可以决定常见的癌基因RAS癌基因停止或促进衰老的能力。
 
路德维希研究所Xin Lu研究团队Yihua Wang研究人员调查成纤维细胞的生命周期,一种在动物中最常见的结缔组织细胞。他们发现降低ASPP2蛋白导致RAS癌基因诱导自噬活动能力增加,而这会阻止细胞进入衰老。但ASPP2不存在的话,细胞会持续增殖不加以控制,从而促进肿瘤的生长。

ASPP2是众所周知的能抑制肿瘤的发展。这种蛋白质缺陷或丧失功能的老鼠不会发展患上肿瘤。ASPP2低水平的癌症患者如大B细胞淋巴瘤等预后较差。ASPP2表达减少也被观察到在高度转移性乳腺癌肿瘤患者中出现。但是到现在为止,研究人员不明白这是为什么。

研究员Yihua Wang表示:我们发现,常见的致癌RAS癌基因存在情况下,ASPP2与通过自噬决定细胞命运的蛋白质复合体相互作用。

这意味着ASPP2表达减弱或消失时,细胞的生长“紧急停止按钮”会被禁用,允许细胞增殖,最终发展成肿瘤。

RAS癌基因和ASPP​​2活性之间的平衡是决定细胞是否能向肿瘤细胞生长演变的关键。我们下一步将是确定以何种方式来改变这个关键开关点ASPP2的活性。这可能是一个有效的方法来治疗ASPP2表达减少和RAS突变的癌症如乳腺癌和结肠癌。

编译自:Molecular Switch Identified That Controls Key Cellular Process: Gives Insight Into Cancer

doi:10.1073/pnas.1120193109
PMC:
PMID:

Autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS

Yihua Wanga, Xiao Dan Wanga, Eleonora Lapia, Alexandra Sullivana,et al.

RAS is frequently mutated in human cancers and has opposing effects on autophagy and tumorigenesis. Identifying determinants of the cellular responses to RAS is therefore vital in cancer research. Here, we show that autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS. N-terminal Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) mediates RAS-induced senescence and inhibits autophagy. Oncogenic RAS-expressing ASPP2(Δ3/Δ3) mouse embryonic fibroblasts that escape senescence express a high level of ATG5/ATG12. Consistent with the notion that autophagy levels control the cellular response to oncogenic RAS, overexpressing ATG5, but not autophagy-deficient ATG5 mutant K130R, bypasses RAS-induced senescence, whereas ATG5 or ATG3 deficiency predisposes to it. Mechanistically, ASPP2 inhibits RAS-induced autophagy by competing with ATG16 to bind ATG5/ATG12 and preventing ATG16/ATG5/ATG12 formation. Hence, ASPP2 modulates oncogenic RAS-induced autophagic activity to dictate the cellular response to RAS: to proliferate or senesce.

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    2013-05-05 drwjr
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    2012-08-05 makuansheng