Sci Transl Med:“癌中之王”可早期诊断了!

2017-05-30 佚名 转化医学网

近日,一篇刊登在最新Science Translational Medicine杂志的文章报道了一种全新的胰腺癌血液检测技术,这项技术有望进一步实现对胰腺癌的早期诊断。因为通常只有发展至晚期才能得到确切的诊断,胰腺癌的致死率远远高于其他大部分癌症。目前的大多数胰腺癌诊断技术都依赖于对胰腺癌细胞特定蛋白CA19-9的检测,而这种蛋白却往往只表达与晚期胰腺癌细胞。“CA19-9测试非常不完美。”研究对

近日,一篇刊登在最新Science Translational Medicine杂志的文章报道了一种全新的胰腺癌血液检测技术,这项技术有望进一步实现对胰腺癌的早期诊断

因为通常只有发展至晚期才能得到确切的诊断,胰腺癌的致死率远远高于其他大部分癌症。目前的大多数胰腺癌诊断技术都依赖于对胰腺癌细胞特定蛋白CA19-9的检测,而这种蛋白却往往只表达与晚期胰腺癌细胞。

“CA19-9测试非常不完美。”研究对应文章的主要作者,波士顿马萨诸塞州总医院肿瘤学家Cesar Castro博士说。

此外,CA19-9蛋白血液浓度上升也并不能完全等同于胰腺癌的发生。例如,当胰腺发炎或胆管堵塞时,CA19-9蛋白的血液浓度也会发生上调。

“虽然CA 19-9的实时监控可用于患者治疗进展的跟踪,但这却是一个可怕的诊断标记。” Castro博士补充说。

根据美国国家癌症研究所的统计,2017年估计将有近53700名美国人被诊断患有胰腺癌。超过80%的患者则发展为具体的胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)。而胰腺癌的五年存活率仅为8%。

除了CA 19-9之外,科学家们一直在努力寻找早期胰腺癌的标志物或相关指标用于胰腺癌的早期诊断。

纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心的King Kingham博士表示“相关研究的最终的目的是找出一种可以在胰腺癌症状出现之前对人们进行有效筛选的检测方法。与其他癌症不同,我们没有对胰腺癌进行有效筛查的具体技术。”

“虽然Cesar Castro等人的基础与常规的CA 19-9检测相比更具优势,但是仍需要对较大群体的患者研究以更好地衡量其准确性。” Kingham警告说

得益于最先进的生物芯片,Castro等人的检测技术可以对细胞外囊泡结构以及血液中的细胞外囊泡进行准确分析。

细胞外囊泡可能来自正常细胞,也可能来自癌细胞。但Castro及其同事却发现这些囊泡中含有的5种特异性蛋白可以作为胰腺癌诊断过程中的优质生物标志物。

在研究的一个阶段,研究人员使用43例经过PDAC或非癌性病例手术的胰腺癌和胰腺炎患者血液样本进行了检测,发现胰腺癌患者细胞外囊泡中上述五种蛋白质的检测浓度高达86%。同时,测试结果具有高达81%的特异性,这意味着对于没有胰腺癌的人,81%的人会得到准确的阴性结果。

即便如此,Castro团队仍然认为由于实验涉及病例人数太少,他们研究结果的信服度仍然有待考究。

在另一方面,相关检测的各项步骤已经在极大程度上实现了自动化,研究人员大约只需10分钟就能以60美元的低廉成本实现对于胰腺癌的初步分析。

接下来,研究人员计划在胰腺癌高风险人群中验证他们的技术并开发一个可以用于一般人群的筛查测试。

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    2018-04-15 bsmagic9140
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    2017-06-07 瘟神小子

    这篇文章得好好拜读一下,有意义

    0

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    2017-05-31 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-05-30 changjiu

    能早期诊断就能挽救很多人

    0

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