JNS:前后联合治疗胸腰段粉碎骨折长期效果好

2014-06-06 佚名 丁香园

胸腰段骨折现代手术治疗的目的在于提供足够的稳定,以防止复位丢失和促进愈合。尽管关于初期稳定的重要性观点一致,但不稳定性胸腰段骨折的最佳手术选择,即后路、前路或前后联合手术,仍存在争论。很多学者主张前后联合手术。【原文下载】 前后联合手术的优点在于提高了初期稳定性,复位效果好及术后复位丢失减少。为重建前柱而使用可延伸钛网,可避免取自体髂骨的相关并发症,生物力学上更优越。目前尚无使用可延伸钛网前

胸腰段骨折现代手术治疗的目的在于提供足够的稳定,以防止复位丢失和促进愈合。尽管关于初期稳定的重要性观点一致,但不稳定性胸腰段骨折的最佳手术选择,即后路、前路或前后联合手术,仍存在争论。很多学者主张前后联合手术。【原文下载】

前后联合手术的优点在于提高了初期稳定性,复位效果好及术后复位丢失减少。为重建前柱而使用可延伸钛网,可避免取自体髂骨的相关并发症,生物力学上更优越。目前尚无使用可延伸钛网前后联合手术治疗胸腰椎不稳骨折的长期随访研究。

德国法兰克福脊柱和神经创伤手术中心的学者进行了一项前瞻性研究,提示前后联合+可延伸钛网可成功治疗胸腰段粉碎骨折,长期随访结果良好,文章于2014年5月发表在JNS上。

该研究共纳入使用该技术治疗的80例胸腰段骨折(T4-L5)、不稳的连续病例,其骨折AO-Magerl分类为A.3、B或C型,其中45例随访时间达5年,平均年龄44岁。使用该技术,加用或不加用前路钢板。5年随访时,评估病例的X线片(图1,图2,图3)、CT (表1)、Oswestry残障指数、神经功能和临床疗效。


图1 侧位片及动力位片测量两节段后凸角度(BKA)的方法


图2 侧位片测量钛网下沉的方法


图3 侧位片测量钛网倾斜的方法


表1 CT评估融合的标准


所有病例先行后路USS或USS-II固定,继而行前路骨折椎体次全切除,植入可延伸钛网VBR(局部椎体松质骨填充),L1以上开胸,以下则腹膜外入路。43例由手术医生已经稳定与否,另外前路植入了钢板。

结果显示,开胸相关的并发症发生率高,为26%,无融合器相关并发症。1例因开胸血肿而需翻修手术。术后矫形丢失为由于钛网的轻微下沉而导致,平均为2.4度。动力位片未发现融合器透明线或不稳(表2)。

表2 45例病例的影像数据


CT提示41例(91%)骨性融合,96%患者走动自如,脊柱各向活动度受限轻微。71%病例无需镇痛药,67%能上班,平均Oswestry残障指数为12。31%的患者有前路手术相关的并发症。
图4 一例L1粉碎骨折,术后5年随访,X线及CT示牢固愈合

上述结果显示,采用前后联合+可延伸钛网,为治疗胸腰段粉碎骨折的相对安全的治疗方法,其临床和影像学长期随访效果满意。该手术融合率高,矫形丢失少(一般发生在术后1年)。然而,前路开胸存在并发症的风险,并发展为开胸后综合征。

值得注意的是,本研究中近三分之一的病例存在前路开胸相关的并发症,即使术后5年,依然存在。考虑到此因素,为前后联合手术的缺点,就此而言,单纯后路手术具有优越性。另一方面,本研究中前路手术为开放性开胸手术,若使用胸腔镜技术,将降低开胸带来的并发症。但需要研究加以证实。

原始出处:

Schnake KJ1, Stavridis SI, Kandziora F.Five-year clinical and radiological results of combined anteroposterior stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures.J Neurosurg Spine. 2014 May;20(5):497-504. doi: 10.3171/2014.1.SPINE13246. Epub 2014 Mar 7【原文下载】

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    2015-09-25 Bobby7868

    文字生动形象,图片很好

    0

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