遗传大牛认为生殖细胞基因编辑不应该完全禁止

2015-12-02 薄荷 生物通

CRISPR技术风暴正在席卷全球。这种简单的基因组编辑技术能够轻松地编辑任何物种的DNA,不过它曾被用来改变人体胚胎的DNA,引发安全性的担忧。近日,多位科学家和伦理学家齐聚华盛顿,讨论基因组编辑技术的这些问题。 遗传学界的两位顶尖科学家,加州大学伯克利分校的Jennifer Doudna和哈佛大学医学院的George Church强调了监管的必要,但认为不应该完全禁止人类生殖细胞的编辑。他

CRISPR技术风暴正在席卷全球。这种简单的基因组编辑技术能够轻松地编辑任何物种的DNA,不过它曾被用来改变人体胚胎的DNA,引发安全性的担忧。近日,多位科学家和伦理学家齐聚华盛顿,讨论基因组编辑技术的这些问题。

遗传学界的两位顶尖科学家,加州大学伯克利分校的Jennifer Doudna和哈佛大学医学院的George Church强调了监管的必要,但认为不应该完全禁止人类生殖细胞的编辑。他们在《Nature》杂志上发表了他们的看法(Nature:基因编辑引起轩然大波)。

Doudna认为,人们应该商议基因组编辑研究的界限,特别是人类生殖细胞的编辑。“全面禁止也许会阻碍那些可能在未来带来治疗方法的研究,考虑到CRISPR/Cas9的广泛使用和易用程度,这也是不实际的,”她说。

Doudna向科学家和政策制定者提出了五点建议,希望推动人类和非人类生物学中的CRISPR技术。具体来说,她呼吁研究人员开发出标准方法,以测定基因组编辑技术的效率和脱靶效应,从而有助于比较临床试验。她还呼吁国际社会就道德或不道德的研究出台指引。她认为,监管可确保人类基因组编辑的安全性和有效性。

Church也举了一些监管的现有例子,并认为禁止将会使这种活动转为地下,远离公众视线。“禁止人类生殖细胞的编辑无异于为这种最佳的医学研究泼了一盘冷水,反而推动研究转向黑市,这带来了更大的风险和滥用,”他写道。“相反,我们应鼓励监管机构在安全性和有效性上的高标准,而不是怀有悲观的假设。”

此外,他认为禁止并不能阻止那些下决心使用这项技术的人,运动场上的兴奋剂就是个例子。“这些雄心勃勃的个人和机构都不可能被别人达成的协议所劝阻,”他说。与任何药物一样,基因编辑需要经过严格的安全性测试,才能用于人类。

尽管反对完全禁止,但Doudna建议暂停人类生殖细胞的编辑。目前已发表的唯一一项关于CRISPR/Cas9人类生殖细胞编辑的研究表明,这项技术现在还没有做好临床应用的准备。

至于这些技术何时能达到改造人类基因组的点,Doudna已经定义了“适当的中间地带”。在未来的三天,世界各地的科学家们将就这一话题进行全面的讨论。

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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-03 lixh1719

    禁不禁止都没用,肯定会有人去做的

    0

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    2015-12-03 cmn

    中间地带

    0

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    2015-12-02 鲜花飞鸟

    鼓励基因编辑技术的发展,但需要监管,透明

    0

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    2015-12-02 lovetcm

    关键科学家等不急

    0

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    2015-12-02 老段

    基因编辑需要经过严格的安全性测试,才能用于人类。

    0

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