**双药HIV疗法今日获美国FDA批准

2017-11-22 佚名 药明康德

11月22日,美国FDA宣布批准新药Juluca上市,治疗感染HIV-1的特定成人患者,这是首款获批治疗这一适应症的双药疗法。

11月22日,美国FDA宣布批准ViiV Healthcare的新药Juluca上市,治疗感染HIV-1的特定成人患者。值得一提的是,这是首款获批治疗这一适应症的双药疗法。相比之下,目前的标准HIV治疗方案中,均含有不少于3款的药物。

HIV是一类能削弱人体免疫系统的病毒。它能摧毁人体对抗疾病和感染的重要免疫细胞,严重影响患者的生活质量。根据美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的数据,全美大约有110万人生活在HIV病毒的感染之中。在特定的人群里,这种病毒感染也是重要的死亡因素。

由ViiV Healthcare带来的Juluca有望成为HIV感染患者的全新治疗方案。这款新药由dolutegravir与rilpivirine组成。Dolutegravir由ViiV Healthcare开发,是一款HIV-1整合酶链转移抑制剂(integrase strand transfer inhibitor,INSTI),能和其他抗逆转录病毒疗法形成组合,治疗感染HIV-1的成人患者;Rilpivirine则由Janssen Sciences Ireland UC开发,是一款非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor,NNRTI)。


▲Dolutegravir(左)与rilpivirine(右)的分子结构式(图片来源:维基百科)

在两项临床试验中,Juluca在成人中的安全性与有效性得到了评估。这两项研究招募了1024名志愿者,他们的病毒感染状况在当下的抗HIV疗法中已经得到了有效控制。这些志愿者被随机分为两组,一组继续接受目前的抗HIV疗法,另一组则使用Juluca。研究表明,Juluca能有效抑制HIV病毒,效果与这些志愿者曾使用的抗HIV疗法相当。

在副作用方面,Juluca最常带来腹泻和头疼。严重的副作用包括皮疹和过敏反应、肝脏问题、以及抑郁等情绪变化。FDA的公告中指出Juluca不能与其他抗HIV药物联用,也可能和常见的药物产生反应。


“Juluca为那些病毒已得到抑制的患者提供了双药维持疗法。这组患者会从这种每日一次的无NRTI方案中获益。2017世界艾滋病日就要到了,我们意识到这一批准能给感染HIV的患者带来治疗范式上的改变,”美国FDA药品评估和研究中心抗病毒产品部的负责人Debra Birnkrant博士说道:“限制HIV疗法中的药物数量能减少对患者的毒性。”

还有10天就是2017年的世界艾滋病日了。在这个日子到来之际,我们感谢研究人员为这一特殊患者群体带来的新疗法,也期待这款有效且使用药物更少的新疗法能进一步改善HIV患者的生活。

参考资料:

[1] FDA approves first two-drug regimen for certain patients with HIV

[2] FDA Approved Juluca to Treat HIV

[3] ViiV Healthcare announces detailed positive phase III results for investigational two-drug regimen of dolutegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment

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