Nature:新型胚胎干细胞,只有一半基因组

2016-12-29 生物探索 生物探索

导读 二倍性是哺乳动物的一个基本遗传特性,单倍体细胞往往只出现在生殖细胞中。3月16日,发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究中,科学家们成功生成了一种只携带单拷贝人类基因组的新型胚胎干细胞。研究人员分析了一批来自单倍体卵母细胞的人类孤雌生殖胚胎干细胞系,成功分离和培养了携带正常单倍体染色体组型的人类胚胎干细胞系。单倍体人类胚胎干细胞表现出典型的多能干细胞特征,如自我更新能力以及多能特异性分子信号。此外,

导读 二倍性是哺乳动物的一个基本遗传特性,单倍体细胞往往只出现在生殖细胞中。3月16日,发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究中,科学家们成功生成了一种只携带单拷贝人类基因组的新型胚胎干细胞



研究人员分析了一批来自单倍体卵母细胞的人类孤雌生殖胚胎干细胞系,成功分离和培养了携带正常单倍体染色体组型的人类胚胎干细胞系。单倍体人类胚胎干细胞表现出典型的多能干细胞特征,如自我更新能力以及多能特异性分子信号。此外,研究人员还证明了这类新型干细胞可作为功能缺失基因筛选平台使用。

尽管单倍体人类胚胎干细胞与它们的二倍体对应部分十分相似,但也显示出了一些独特属性,包括X染色体激活调节的不同、参与氧化磷酸化基因调节的不同,此外绝对(absolute)基因表达水平和细胞大小会降低。

令人惊讶的是,科学家们发现,单倍体人类基因组不仅与未分化的多能性状态兼容,也与已分化的Somatic Fates兼容。研究人员表示,单倍体人类胚胎干细胞将为研究人类功能基因学和发育提供新的手段。

领导该研究的耶路撒冷希伯来大学干细胞和遗传研究Azrieli中心的博士生Ido Sagi说:“使用单倍体人类细胞的最大优势之一是它们的基因更容易编辑。”在二倍体细胞中,由于其中一个拷贝是正常的,检测单拷贝突变的生物学效应非常困难。

此外,由于该研究描述的干细胞与卵细胞捐赠者基因匹配,它们有望用于开发治疗失明、糖尿病等疾病的细胞疗法。另一方面,由于它的基因组成与生殖细胞相当,也可能会用于生殖领域。

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    2017-12-10 liye789132251
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    2016-12-31 ailian1202
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    2016-12-29 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!好

    0