AHA2017:GEMINI-ACS-1研究:药物基因检测对P2Y12抑制剂方案转换影响甚微

2017-11-18 佚名 国际循环

杜克大学医学中心Roe MT教授报道了GEMINI-ACS-1研究的一项新分析,评估了临床常规进行CYP2C19基因检测对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者P2Y12抑制剂方案转换的影响。

2017年11月11~15日,2017年美国心脏协会(AHA)科学年会于美国加州阿纳海姆隆重召开。会议期间,在抗栓late-breaking重磅研究专题中,杜克大学医学中心Roe MT教授报道了GEMINI-ACS-1研究的一项新分析,评估了临床常规进行CYP2C19基因检测对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者P2Y12抑制剂方案转换的影响。结果显示,与氯吡格雷相比应用替格瑞洛的患者转换方案更为多见。另一方面,强制性进行CYP2C19代谢状态检测报告对于研究者改变P2Y12抑制剂方案并无太大影响。该结果令人反思,对于接受P2Y12抑制剂治疗的ACS患者是否有必要进行常规CYP2C19基因检测?

研究背景及目的

关于CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷抗血小板效应之间的关系一直备受关注。既往证据一度显示,接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者如携带功能减弱的CYP2C19等位基因,对氯吡格雷治疗的抗血小板应答减弱,缺血事件风险增高。美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)在2010年要求在氯吡格雷产品标签上关于药物功效进行澄清药物的基因组学的相关问题。但是近年来,一系列新的临床试验证据逐渐显示,并不支持根据CYP2C19基因型来调整P2Y12抑制剂的治疗方案。

新近发表的GEMINI-ACS-1研究对新的抗栓方案进行了探索,其主要研究者之一、杜克大学医学中心Roe MT教授报道的这项新分析则从药物基因检测的角度,评估了强制性报告CYP2C19代谢状态对于P2Y12抑制剂、尤其是氯吡格雷起始方案的影响。该分析还评估了试验随访12个月期间P2Y12抑制剂转换治疗的时机、模式及影响因素,并探索了CYP2C19代谢状态对缺血和出血结局的影响。

研究方法

GEMINI-ACS-1研究是一项随机、双盲、多中心试验,旨在评价低剂量利伐沙班(2.5 mg bid)联合P2Y12受体抑制剂(氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛)相对于阿司匹林(剂量100 mg)联合P2Y12受体抑制剂的安全性和可行性。研究共纳入21个国家、3037例入院10天内发生过急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的患者(替格瑞洛组 1704例;氯吡格雷组1333例)。替格瑞洛在西欧和北美ACS患者治疗时使用率相对较高,在其他地区(包括亚太)则较少。

根据试验强制要求,研究者在随机化后1周向中心实验室报告患者(3016/3037,99%)的CYP2C19代谢状态,其中34.4%患者为超快代谢型(UM),37.8%患者为快代谢型(EM),24.5%为中间代谢型(IM),3.2%为慢代谢型(RM)。研究方案并未对根据药物基因检测结果来选择P2Y12抑制剂给出任何建议,研究者在选择起始药物时将对应答情况进行预判。

研究结果

共197例(6.5%)患者转换了P2Y12抑制剂,平均转换时间在治疗第40天;其中,由替格瑞洛转换为氯吡格雷的发生率较氯吡格雷转换为替格瑞洛更高(8.5% vs. 4.0%)在12个月随访期间,随着治疗时间的延长,基线使用替格瑞洛的患者转换方案的比例不断增高;而基线使用氯吡格雷的患者方案转换主要发生在治疗头1~3个月,之后则基本稳定、不再继续升高(图1)。



图1. P2Y12抑制剂方案转换随时间的变化

从CYP2C19代谢状态来看,替格瑞洛或氯吡格雷的慢代谢型患者转换方案的比例最高,但这部分患者占总体比例极低(3.2%);从地区来看,北美、西欧转换方案的比例较高,亚太地区则较低。多因素分析显示,GRACE危险评分、CYP2C19代谢状态、起始P2Y12抑制剂随治疗时间的延长、以及地区差异均是P2Y12抑制剂方案转换的独立预测因素。

关于CYP2C19代谢状态与缺血/出血结局的关系,结果显示,在12个月随访期间,不同CYP2C19代谢状态患者之间的各种结局均无明显差异,缺血结局包括心血管疾病/心肌梗死/卒中/明确的支架内血栓形成,出血结局包括TIMI大出血/小出血、以及GUSTO致命性出血/中重度出血(图2)。



图2. 基于不同CYP2C19代谢状态的缺血/出血结局

研究结论及讨论

研究者得出结论,在随机临床试验的背景下,ACS患者起始替格瑞洛较起始氯吡格雷治疗者方案转换的比例更高。强制性报告CYP2C19代谢状态对于研究者转换P2Y12抑制剂方案影响甚微,主要原因有三:第一,慢代谢基因型患者所占比例极低;第二,多个因素与P2Y12抑制剂转换方案相关,除基因型外还包括GRACE危险评分、地区差异、起始P2Y12抑制剂选择等;第三,慢代谢基因型患者相对其他代谢型患者的缺血或出血结局风险并未见增加。因此,研究者认为,对于接受P2Y12抑制剂治疗的ACS患者常规进行基于P2Y12抑制剂的基因检测的临床意义并不明确,且对P2Y12抑制剂方案转换没有影响。

在该新研究结果发布后的讨论环节,美国INOVA心血管研究所Gurbel PA教授发表了自己的观点。他认为,目前并没有大规模前瞻性研究数据支持应基于基因型来进行P2Y12抑制剂的个体化治疗。在GEMINI-ACS-1研究的这项新分析中,总体上仅有<1%的患者因CYP2C19代谢状态而转换了P2Y12抑制剂方案,仅0.06%患者因该原因由替格瑞洛转换为氯吡格雷,1.73%患者因此由氯吡格雷转换为替格瑞洛。起初,研究者预判约有50%起始氯吡格雷治疗的患者会因慢代谢基因型转换方案,实际上其中30%慢代谢型患者并没有转换方案,且最终这些慢代谢基因型患者相对其他代谢型患者的缺血或出血结局风险并未见增加。这是目前最大规模的ACS患者中研究基因分析之一,为临床心血管医师深入认识基因检测的实际作用提供了有力证据。从该研究结果来看,大多数P2Y12抑制剂方案转换的原因均与基因型无关。

该研究结果对P2Y12抑制剂治疗时进行CYP2C19基因型检测的必要性提出了质疑。实际上,关于氯吡格雷抗缺血作用究竟是否受CYP2C19基因多态性影响的研究一直是热点,今年8月新发表的一项中国患者多中心研究也得出了一致结果(Int J Cardiol. 2017;240:360-366)。该前瞻性研究共入选5820例ACS/PCI患者,结果发现,中国人群PCI后1年心血管事件的发生与CYP2C19基因多态性无关;而且,CYP2C19基因多态性对中国人群血小板抑制作用和氯吡格雷活性代谢产物水平的影响均较西方人群更轻微,对于CYP2C19*2携带者氯吡格雷剂量增至150 mg/d即能达到与野生型一致的血小板聚集率。这是迄今为止规模最大的、探索东亚ACS人群基因多态性与临床结局之间相关性的多中心前瞻性研究,其结果证实氯吡格雷治疗中国患者的抗血小板治疗结局并不受CYP2C19基因多态性的影响。

因此,以上研究结果提示,对于接受P2Y12受体抑制剂、包括氯吡格雷治疗的PCI/ACS患者,临床上无必要进行常规性的药物基因检测,基于目前研究结果,CYP2C19基因型既不影响P2Y12受体抑制剂方案转换,也不影响抗血小板治疗的结局。故近年来各项ACS相关指南中,已不再推荐常规性地基于基因检测结果来进行抗血小板药物的治疗选择。

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    2017-12-17 jklm09
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    2018-01-01 yeye5224612
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    2017-11-20 zhaohui6731
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    2017-11-20 yaanren
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    2017-11-19 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2017-11-18 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.好文章

    0

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