NAT CELL BIOL:为了生存,癌细胞“悄然”改变生物钟

2018-01-02 佚名 生物探索

细胞作为构成生物体的基本单位,每一个都拥有自己的生物钟。但是,对于肿瘤细胞而言,其昼夜节律却有所改变。近日,《Nature Cell Biology》期刊在线发表了一篇文章,第一次揭示癌细胞改变昼夜节律、促进扩增的机制。

细胞作为构成生物体的基本单位,每一个都拥有自己的生物钟。但是,对于肿瘤细胞而言,其昼夜节律却有所改变。近日,《Nature Cell Biology》期刊在线发表了一篇文章,第一次揭示癌细胞改变昼夜节律、促进扩增的机制。

通常,细胞会依据自然的“昼夜交替”周期调节蛋白的表达,从而建立自己的生物钟,并以此控制新陈代谢。但是,已有研究表明,肿瘤细胞内的昼夜节律不同于正常细胞。

考虑到蛋白质表达与细胞昼夜节律密切相关,来自于南卡罗莱纳医科大学Hollings癌症中心的J. Alan Diehl团队提出新的假设:错误折叠的蛋白质可能会改变癌细胞的昼夜节律。

何为“未折叠蛋白反应”?

内质网是负责蛋白质折叠的重要场所,一旦负担过重,会出现蛋白质不折叠或者错误折叠的情况。对于这一异常,细胞会激活未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)以此减缓新蛋白的合成,提高内质网折叠蛋白的能力,加快错误折叠或未折叠蛋白的降解。这一应激信号通路,有利于细胞维持稳态、阻止凋亡。

癌细胞很擅长利用UPR反应,以此提高自己的扩增能力。但是癌细胞如何运用UPR机制影响昼夜节律?这一点并不清晰。

UPR会改变癌细胞的生物钟

为了验证推测,研究团队利用化学物质激活癌细胞的UPR机制。结果发现,一旦被激活,UPR会改变一关键蛋白Bmal1的表达量。

Bmal1是一种转录因子,会伴随昼夜交替上调或下调表达量,从而调控昼夜节律下游基因的有序表达。具体而言,在黑暗中,Bmal1表达量会达到最高峰。但是,一旦UPR机制被激活,Bmal1会一直保持低水平,从而导致昼夜节律相关基因表达改变。

研究人员发现,UPR反应就像一个“中间联络人”,在自然的昼夜周期和细胞生物钟之间行使职责。一旦UPR被激活,昼夜节律蛋白Bmal1水平会持续下降,从而改变细胞生物钟。

这一改变对于癌症发展意味着什么?

研究团队发现,乳腺癌胃癌肺癌患者的Bmal1蛋白水平越高,存活时间越长。

而且,对于MYC基因驱动的癌症,UPR机制会导致Bmal1蛋白下降,促进肿瘤生长。这类癌细胞会失去正常的昼夜节律。相反,一旦Bmal1蛋白高表达,它会取代UPR机制,允许昼夜节律相关基因正常表达,从而遏制肿瘤生长。

这一研究第一次证实,癌细胞会通过抑制Bmal1蛋白合成,扰乱昼夜节律。一旦Bmal1蛋白被抑制,癌细胞的存活期会延长。“这一结果提醒我们,医生需要考虑治疗时间。例如在某一时刻服用药物,更有利提高靶向效果,降低对正常细胞的影响。” 文章一作Yiwen Bu表示道。

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    2018-10-19 sunylz
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    2018-04-29 维他命
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    2018-03-02 liye789132251
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    2018-01-16 btnm

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2018-01-04 yxch36
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    2018-01-02 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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