郭艺芳:2014美国成人高血压指南(JNC8)修定要点

2013-12-20 郭艺芳 dxy

备受关注的2014年美国高血压治疗指南终于正式颁布。与旧版指南(JNC7)相比,新指南的主要变化包括以下几个方面:1.降压治疗目标值在JNC7指南中,分别为无合并症的高血压患者(目标血压<140/90mmHg)与糖尿病和慢性肾病等心血管高危人群(目标血压<130/80 mmHg)推荐了不同的目标值。但JNC8指南认为,旧版指南中的上述建议缺乏充分依据,为心血管风险水平增高的高血压患者进行更为

备受关注的2014年美国高血压治疗指南终于正式颁布。与旧版指南(JNC7)相比,新指南的主要变化包括以下几个方面:


1.降压治疗目标值

在JNC7指南中,分别为无合并症的高血压患者(目标血压<140/90mmHg)与糖尿病和慢性肾病等心血管高危人群(目标血压<130/80 mmHg)推荐了不同的目标值。

但JNC8指南认为,旧版指南中的上述建议缺乏充分依据,为心血管风险水平增高的高血压患者进行更为严格的血压控制可能不会使患者更多获益。JNC7指南中建议将老年高血压患者控制在<140/90 mmHg同样存在此问题。

新指南仅根据年龄对降压目标值进行了区分:≥60岁的患者血压目标值为<150/90mmHg,<60岁者(≥18岁)的目标值为<140/90 mmHg。糖尿病和慢性肾病患者的降压目标值同样为<140/90 mmHg。

2.启动治疗的时机

对于≥60岁的老年患者,当血压≥150/90mmHg时可考虑启动药物治疗,并将血压降至此值以下。
年龄<60岁者和(或)糖尿病和慢性肾病患者,血压≥140/90mmHgg即考虑启动降压药物治疗,并将血压控制在此值以下。

3.关于一线降压药物的推荐

与JNC7指南不同,新指南仅建议将噻嗪类利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)以及钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)作为一线降压药物,不再推荐β受体阻滞剂用于高血压患者的初始治疗。

新指南建议,非黑人高血压患者(包括糖尿病患者)可首选噻嗪类利尿剂、ACEI、ARB或CCB治疗,黑人高血压患者(伴或不伴糖尿病)首选噻嗪类利尿剂与CCB。慢性肾病患者(无论是否伴糖尿病)应首选ACEI或ARB治疗。

4.降压治疗方案的调整策略

在初治高血压的药物治疗策略方面,新指南认为以下三种方案均可考虑:

A.先选用一种药物治疗,逐渐增加至最大剂量,若血压仍不能达标则加用第二种药物;

B.先选用一种药物治疗,血压不达标时不增加该药剂量,而是联合应用第二种药物,

C.若基线血压≥160/100mmHg,或患者血压超过目标血压20/10mmHg,可直接启动两种药物联合治疗(自由处方联合或用单片固定剂量复方制剂)。

若经上述治疗血压未能达标,应指导患者继续强化生活方式改善,同时视患者具体情况尝试增加药物剂量或药物种类(仅限于噻嗪类利尿剂、ACEI、ARB和CCB四种药物,但不建议联合应用ACEI与ARB)。

经上述调整血压仍不达标时,可考虑增加其他药物(如β受体阻滞剂、醛固酮拮抗剂等),必要时转高血压专科治疗。

美国高血压指南在国际上具有广泛影响力,该指南的学术观点与相关推荐建议具有很好的参考价值。但必须指出的是,该指南是针对美国高血压患者而制定,不应直接照搬到我国。在我们临床实践中,仍应以我国现行高血压防治指南为依据开展工作。

郭艺芳教授随后在微博中再三重申:“这是美国指南,是为美国人制定的。我们在临床工作中仍应按照我国的高血压防治指南去看病。外国的指南不能照搬到我国。”

注:本文为河北省人民医院老年病科主任郭艺芳教授发的一篇长微博。

相关阅读:

JAMA:JNC8委员会发布2014年成人高血压治疗新指南

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    2014-01-09 yifan0202

    我们应该制定适合于中国人体质的指南

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    2013-12-30 匿名用户

    我们应该拟定中国人的高血压新指南

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    2013-12-21 Angelababy

    我们国家的高血压指南是针对我国国民体质制定,但随着生活方式,环境改变,所以建议我国高血压也应该做个动态的观察

    0

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