J Mol Diagn:血液检测可使肺癌患者获得早期的个性化治疗

2017-04-20 tulip1999 来宝网

一项最新研究详细介绍了血液检测的发展通过血液检测可以在72小时内识别与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)相关的基因突变。研究人员说,血液检测或许能够使得肺癌得到更快、更有效的治疗。

一项最新研究详细介绍了血液检测的发展通过血液检测可以在72小时内识别与非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)相关的基因突变。研究人员说,血液检测或许能够使得肺癌得到更快、更有效的治疗。

这种新的检测技术是由Gary A. Pestano博士及其Biodesix公司的同事一同研发出来的,Biodesix公司是总部设在美国科罗拉多州博尔德的一家分子诊断子公司。

Piston及其研究团队在《分子诊断学杂志》上详细描述了他们这项最新检测技术的准确性。

肺癌是美国最常见的癌症之一。据估计,今年大约会有222,500例肺癌新发病例被确诊,超过155,000人死于肺癌。

非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌总数的80-85%。

非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)因其在肺部发生癌变的细胞类型而得名。非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)最常见的亚型有腺癌、鳞状细胞癌和大细胞癌。

目前,通常采用肺活检来确定非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的治疗方法,包括从肺部提取组织或液体样本进行分析。然而,Pestano和他的同事们指出,这一过程是侵入性的,且并不总是必要的或准确的。

“例如,约有四分之一的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者是当初就没有接受活检或是从最初的活检组织中取得的样本不足,”Pestano和他的同事们指出。“这会限制医生对癌症基因型做出完整诊断的能力。”

“重要的是,基于组织的检测结果可能需要数周时间才能获得,这样一来就会耽误治疗时间,”他们补充道。

非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者可能会出现某种基因突变。例如,目前非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者当中发生EGFR基因突变大约占10%,而KRAS基因突变约占25%。

此外,还有将近5%的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的肿瘤具有ALK基因异常。通常,这与ALK与一种叫做EML4基因的结合有关,因此所导致的基因突变也称为EML4-ALK基因突变。

研究表明,基因检测可能有助于非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的个体化治疗,因为某些基因突变的存在可以用来预测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者对某些癌症治疗的反应。

例如,发生EGFR基因突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,更容易对一种被称为表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的药物治疗(如厄洛替尼)有反应,而EML4-ALK基因突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者则不太可能对此类药物有反应。

在他们的研究中,Pestano及其同事描述了一种能够快速精准地确定非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血液样本中基因突变的血液检测方法,且该检测结果可在72小时内获得。

对于每一种基因突变的检测,这种全新的血液检测方法显示出高达80%的敏感性和100%的特异性,检测结果几乎与组织活检一样准确。

此外,94%的血液检测结果可在抽取血液样本后72小时内获得,显着快于组织活检的结果。

基于这些研究结果,Pestano及其研究团队说道,他们研发的这种全新的血液检测方法使得临床医生能够对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者更为快速地做出个性化的治疗建议。

“这项研究至关重要,因为它首次显示了可以在非医院(社区)医疗机构采用以血液为基础的检测手段对可操作性的基因突变进行检测。在社区卫生院的医生和患者不太容易用上大型医院或其他诊断/治疗设施。这种检测结果能够在72小时内就收到样品的检测结果。”Gary A. Pestano博士如是说。

原始出处:

Hestia Mellert, et al.  Development and Clinical Utility of a Blood-Based Test Service for the Rapid Identification of Actionable Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.  The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, May 2017.Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 404–416

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    2017-04-20 daiyaozu

    学习了,不错

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Nat Commun:科学家发现肺癌治疗中发生抵抗性的关键原因!

在肯塔基大学Markey癌症中心开创实验室的一名研究人员作为合作作者发表了一项研究结果,新研究表明,在某些遗传情况下,一种非小细胞肺癌亚型可以转化为另一种亚型。

Oncotarget:吸入性糖皮质激素能预防肺癌发生?

近期,Oncotarget杂志中一篇文章报道:使用吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗COPD的同时,也有助于预防肺癌的发生。该研究者在全国进行了一项以人群为基础的队列研究,从台湾全民健康保险数据库中提取了13686名COPD女性的患者(ICS使用者,N=1290;未使用ICS,N=12396)的资料,这些患者均是在1997-2009期间确诊为COPD。对这些患者进行随访直到2011年,对肺癌的发病率进

Plos One:Cherlerythrine与厄洛替尼联合治疗对非小细胞肺癌的作用如何?

有研究表明,肺癌的进展受到表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)信号传导与蛋白激酶C(PKC)途径之间相互作用的调控。EGFR和PKC的靶向结合可能在治疗肺癌中具有协同作用。近期,一项发表在杂志Plos One上的研究联合使用了厄洛替尼(erlotinib)和氯氰菊酯(Cherlerythrine Chloride),旨在研究上述两种途径在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的潜在用途。在厄洛替尼不敏感的细胞系SK