EMBO Mol Med:科学家利用基因疗法成功治愈2型糖尿病和肥胖小鼠 未来有望应用于人体!

2018-07-11 佚名 细胞

近日,来自巴塞罗那自治大学的科学家们通过研究,利用基因疗法成功治愈了小鼠的肥胖和2型糖尿病,相关研究刊登于国际杂志EMBO Molecular Medicine上。研究者表示,我们利用了一种名为腺相关病毒载体(Adeno-associated viral Vector,AAV)来携带FGF21(成纤维细胞生长因子21)基因的疗法(AAV-FGF21疗法)进行研究,单次使用这种载体就能操纵肝脏、脂肪

近日,来自巴塞罗那自治大学的科学家们通过研究,利用基因疗法成功治愈了小鼠的肥胖和2型糖尿病,相关研究刊登于国际杂志EMBO Molecular Medicine上。研究者表示,我们利用了一种名为腺相关病毒载体(Adeno-associated viral Vector,AAV)来携带FGF21(成纤维细胞生长因子21)基因的疗法(AAV-FGF21疗法)进行研究,单次使用这种载体就能操纵肝脏、脂肪组织和骨骼肌,使其持续产生FGF21蛋白,这种蛋白是由机体多个器官自然分泌的一种特殊激素,其能在很多组织中发挥作用,维护正常的能量代谢,通过基因疗法来诱导动物机体产生FGF21蛋白就能够帮助减肥,并且降低机体对胰岛素的耐受性,从而治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病

目前研究人员已经在两种不同的肥胖小鼠模型中成功进行了试验,即饮食或遗传突变所诱导的肥胖,此外,研究者还观察到,当给予健康小鼠应用这种特殊的基因疗法,就能促进小鼠健康老龄化,并且抑制年龄相关的特种增长和胰岛素耐受性的产生。利用AAV-FGF21疗法治疗后,小鼠体重就会下降,同时其脂肪积累的水平和脂肪组织的炎症水平也会降低,同时肝脏中的脂肪含量、炎症及纤维化也会被逆转,而且机体胰岛素的敏感性会增加。

当研究者对三种不同的组织(肝脏、脂肪组织和骨骼肌)进行遗传操作使其产生FGF21蛋白后也能够再现上述结果,这或许就提高了这种新型疗法的灵活性,其不仅能够选择最合适的组织来进行作用,而且还能抑制疾病并发症的发生。当一种组织产生FGF21蛋白时,其会将这种蛋白分泌到血液中,最后会分散到全身。

研究者Claudia Jambrina强调了本文研究结果的重要性,由于如今全球肥胖和2型糖尿病的流行率越来越高,同时肥胖还会增加人们因多种疾病死亡的风险,比如心血管疾病、免疫性疾病、高血压、关节炎、神经变性疾病和某些类型的癌症等。这项研究中,研究人员首次发现,利用AAV-FGF21基因疗法能够长期逆转机体的肥胖状态和对胰岛素的耐受性,未来或有望应用于人体临床试验中,相关研究结果也表明,AAV-FGF21疗法是一种安全且有效的疗法。

同时研究人员还指出,这种基因疗法还能帮助机体有效抵御长时间高热量饮食所诱发的肝脏中肿瘤产生的风险。当用于常规治疗中,FGF21蛋白的寿命较短,因为目前制药工业中开发出了FGF21的类似物,而且这些类似物也已经开始进入临床试验了。然而科学家们需要定期给予FGF21类似物来调节临床效益,但同时也会产生一些与外源性蛋白相关的免疫性问题的风险;研究人员所开发的基因疗法载体就能够诱导小鼠多年产生与人类机体所产生的相同的FGF21激素,而且在使用FGF21后并不会给机体带来任何副作用。

下一步在进行患者临床试验之前研究人员还需要进行大规模的动物研究来检测这种基因疗法的安全性,AAV所介导的基因疗法目前已经在欧洲和美国获批用来治疗多种类型的基因,而且研究人员在利用AAV介导的肝脏和骨骼肌基因转移上也具有广泛的临床经验,因此未来研究人员有望利用基于FGF21的基因疗法来治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症及其相关的疾病。

原始出处:
Veronica Jimenez, Claudia Jambrina, Estefania Casana, et al. FGF21 gene therapy as treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2018; e8791 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708791

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    2018-07-12 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-11 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2018-07-11 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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Nat Genet:突破!科学家利用新型算法成功追踪癌症的扩散过程!

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自普林斯顿大学的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新型的计算方法,其能够帮助有效追踪癌细胞如何从体内一个部位扩散到其它部位的,相关研究或为研究人员开发抑制癌症扩散的新型干预手段提供新的思路和希望。

Cell Metab:科学家利用细胞代谢的“脆弱性”对抗癌症

在癌症治疗中,耐药性已经成为一个相当棘手的问题,起初有用的药物将很快失效。近日,美国密歇根大学罗得尔癌症中心的科学家们通过研究癌症干细胞的代谢方式,发现了一种打败癌症的新方法:攻击它们的能量来源。该研究结果近日已发表在《Cell Metabolism》上。

Stem Cell Rep:科学家成功鉴别出精原干细胞自我更新因子的新功能 有望开发男性不育疗法

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Stem Cell Reports上的研究报告中,来自日本信州大学(Shinshu University)的科学家们通过研究发现了成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF2)的新功能,FGF2是精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cell)的一种自我更新因子,而精原干细胞是精子产生的起源。尽管此前研究人员通过研究发现,FGF2和胶质细胞衍生的神经营养因子(GDNF)对于

Cell:科学家揭示端粒酶内部工作机制,在癌症、衰老中扮演重要角色

为四膜虫结合端粒DNA的端粒酶的结构提供了机制上的新认知;关于其催化核心的完整结构揭示了一个叫做TRAP的新的结构单元;揭示了DNA从活性位点到端粒DNA结合p50-TEB复合物的详细途径;揭示了端粒酶RNA TRE模板-TBE在端粒DNA合成过程中的作用。

NAT CENETl科学家发现了近1000种与智力相关的新基因

近日,科学家们确定了1016种与智力相关的基因,其中939种基因对于科学来说是全新的。这些发现有助于确定认知功能的生物学基础,对于相关的神经和精神疾病的研究也非常重要。这项研究由荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学的统计遗传学家Danielle Posthuma教授领导,已于近日发表在《Nature Genetics》上