JAMA Neurol:真菌性脑膜炎可伪装成缺血性卒中

2013-07-24 伊文 EGMN

《美国医学会杂志-神经病学》(JAMA Neurology)7月22日在线发表的一篇报告显示,由脊髓注射受污染的甲基强的松龙引起的真菌性脑膜炎可表现为缺血性卒中(JAMA Neurol. 2013 July 22 [doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3586])。 在这篇报告中,田纳西州纳什维尔范德比尔特大学医学中心的Kirk Kleinfeld医生及其

《美国医学会杂志-神经病学》(JAMA Neurology)7月22日在线发表的一篇报告显示,由脊髓注射受污染的甲基强的松龙引起的真菌性脑膜炎可表现为缺血性卒中(JAMA Neurol. 2013 July 22 [doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3586])。

在这篇报告中,田纳西州纳什维尔范德比尔特大学医学中心的Kirk Kleinfeld医生及其同事介绍了3例此类患者。这3例患者接受甲基强的松龙注射的地点,均已被美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)证实为甲基强的松龙污染批次接收单位。

第1例,男性,78岁,发生急性左侧无力和构音障碍,无发热且无脑膜刺激征,实验室检查仅显示轻度白细胞增多。患者合并高脂血症、高血压和房颤。MRI扫描显示右脑桥前上部/中脑下部存在小血管缺血性梗死。给予标准卒中后治疗,但未见改善。在第3天左侧无力加重时进行另一次MRI,结果显示梗死扩大,并且右丘脑有新的梗死形成。第4天,患者丧失反应,重复影像学检查显示这些梗死扩大和进展,并且右小脑上动脉闭塞形成。患者在第6天死亡。患者在2周前曾接受硬膜外类固醇注射治疗腰痛。对其进行尸检,结果显示存在小范围的局灶性皮质和脑桥蛛网膜下腔出血,以及真菌性脑血管炎和动脉瘤形成。证实突脐孢属真菌感染。

第2例,女性,78岁,发生亚急性眩晕、恶心和头痛,检查发现存在单侧辨距不良和轻度共济失调。病史包括高血压、高脂血症和冠心病,初步实验室检查示2型糖尿病。MRI扫描显示左脑桥外侧、小脑脚上部和小脑上部存在大血管(小脑上动脉)病因的缺血性梗死。高凝检查示狼疮抗凝物和抗磷脂蛋白抗体增高。予抗凝治疗。患者未获改善,第4天发生低热和轻度脑病。重复MRI示新的缺血性脑桥卒中。患者的精神状态未见改善,患者在2周前曾接受硬膜外类固醇注射治疗腰痛。进行腰穿以确定是否存在真菌感染,第15天开始予静脉抗生素和伏立康唑治疗,但患者在第50天死亡。尸检显示左小脑上动脉真菌性动脉瘤及菌丝型真菌浸润动脉壁。聚合酶链反应显示真菌为突脐孢属。

第3例,女性,70岁,发生头痛、平衡困难、颈背强直和低热。患者具有高脂血症,体检示轻度构音障碍和双侧辨距不良。MRI扫描示右丘脑和内囊存在急性小血管卒中。由于患者具有慢性腰痛及临床医生怀疑真菌性脑膜炎,发现患者1个月前曾接受硬膜外类固醇注射。进行腰穿确定是否存在真菌性感染,给予静脉抗生素和伏立康唑治疗。患者在第7天发生脑病,重复MRI显示存在累及左内囊的新的小血管卒中。在继续进行伏立康唑治疗的情况下,患者的精神状态和脑脊液细胞数缓慢改善。患者存活并在37天后出院。Kleinfeld医生认为早期抗真菌治疗终止了该患者感染的进一步血管进展。

这些病例表明,临床医生应在观察到小血管梗死局部扩大或在相同血管区域观察到新的梗死形成时考虑非典型的发病机制。此外,这些病例表明突脐孢属等一些真菌属具有血管浸润性,可导致进行性血管闭塞。

研究者声明无相关经济利益冲突。


Kirk Kleinfeld, MD; Pearl Jones, MD; Derek Riebau, MD; Ariana Beck, MD; Paisit Paueksakon, MD; Ty Abel, MD, PhD; Daniel O. Claassen, MD, MS;Vascular Complications of Fungal Meningitis Attributed to Injections of Contaminated Methylprednisolone Acetate;JAMA Neurol. 2013;():-. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3586.    

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    2014-05-02 yinhl1978
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    2013-07-26 zhaojie88

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