长城会 2014:中国原创研究:我国高血压患病率接近30%

2014-10-24 长城心脏病学会议 医学论坛网

高血压是心血管病的重要危险因素,而后者已成为国人死亡的首位原因。近些年,高血压的患病率呈上升趋势。另一个不容忽视的问题是,尽管高血压患病率节节攀升,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率却不容乐观。然而,随着国家对高血压等慢性非传染性疾病防控的重视和投入的不断增加,社区卫生服务机构广泛开展高血压规范化管理,高血压流行和控制情况是否已有改善成为亟待回答的问题。 由北京大学第一医院王海燕教授牵头的全国慢性

高血压是心血管病的重要危险因素,而后者已成为国人死亡的首位原因。近些年,高血压的患病率呈上升趋势。另一个不容忽视的问题是,尽管高血压患病率节节攀升,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率却不容乐观。然而,随着国家对高血压等慢性非传染性疾病防控的重视和投入的不断增加,社区卫生服务机构广泛开展高血压规范化管理,高血压流行和控制情况是否已有改善成为亟待回答的问题。

由北京大学第一医院王海燕教授牵头的全国慢性肾脏病患病率和危险因素调查,采用严谨的多阶段分层抽样设计,获得有代表性的中国人群样本。研究结果发表在《美国高血压》杂志上。(Am J Hypertens.2014,27:1355)

研究于2009-2010年间,在全国13个省市自治区共调查50550名社区居民,其中,50171人有完整的高血压病史、用药情况和高血压测量记录。根据上述资料,获得中国成年人群高血压标化患病率为29.6%,知晓率、治疗率和治疗后的控制率分别为42.6%、34.1%和27.4%。此外,还发现高血压流行和控制率在城乡和不同经济发展水平的地区间存在一定差异。研究还发现体育锻炼不足、嗜酒、较高的体质指数和中心性肥胖等因素与高血压患病相关。

根据上述研究结果,我国高血压患病率较10年前已有明显上升,超过一些中等收入国家,如韩国、泰国和伊朗等,甚至达到了西方发达国家水平(美国2003-2004年国家健康与营养调查报道的高血压患病率为29.3%)。同时,60岁以下中年人群患病率上升尤为明显(如在18~44岁年龄组,男性和女性的高血压患病率在2002年调查时为12%和6%,但在本研究中达到20.6%和14.3%)。总体上高血压患病率农村高于城市,经济欠发达地区高于经济发达地区。高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率均较2002年时有显著提升(知晓率为42.6%对比24.0%,治疗率为34.1%对比20.0%,控制与治疗比也从1:4上升到1:3)。

研究者之一张路霞副教授表示,尽管取得很大进步,但患病率仍高,我们仍需进一步改善高血压控制情况。研究提示我们要更加关注中青年人群、农村地区和经济发展水平落后地区。期待有更多关于高血压流行情况和防控措施的高质量研究为政府公共卫生决策提供依据。


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    2014-10-26 xinmeili
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