JAMA:慢性非癌性疼痛,阿片类药物可否改善疼痛和身体功能?

2019-02-13 王淳 环球医学

2018年12月,发表于《JAMA》上的一项系统评价和meta分析,考察了阿片类治疗慢性非癌症疼痛的效果。

2018年12月,发表于《JAMA》上的一项系统评价和meta分析,考察了阿片类治疗慢性非癌症疼痛的效果。

重要性:阿片类药物对慢性非癌症疼痛的利弊尚不清楚。

目的:旨在系统评价阿片类药物用于慢性非癌症疼痛的随机临床试验(RCTs)。

数据来源和研究筛选:检索了CENTRAL、CINAHL、EMBASE、MEDLINE、AMED和PsycINFO数据库中,阿片类药物用于慢性非癌症疼痛vs非阿片类对照的RCTs,从建库至2018年4月。

数据提取和合成:双人独立平行提取数据。分析采用随机效应模型,证据质量评估使用GRADE推荐评估等级和发展与评价工具。

主要结局和测量指标:主要结局是疼痛强度(评分范围,疼痛的视觉模拟量表0~10 cm;越低代表越好,最小有意义的差异[MID]为1 cm),机体功能(评分范围,36项躯体健康部分评分简表[SF-36PCS] 0~100分;越高代表越好,MID是5分)和呕吐发生率。

结果:纳入了包含26169名受试者的96项RCTs(61%为女性;年龄中位数,58岁[四分位间距,51~61岁])。在纳入的研究中,25项试验是神经性疼痛,32项试验是伤害性疼痛,33项试验是中枢敏化(无组织损伤的疼痛),6项试验是混合型疼痛。

同安慰剂相比,阿片类药物与疼痛降低(加权均差[WMD],10cm的疼痛视觉模拟量表可降低0.69 cm[95%CI,-0.82~-0.56 cm];达到MID的模型风险差,11.9%[95%CI,9.7%~14.1%])、机体功能改善(WMD,100分的SF-36 PCS可提高2.04分[95% CI,1.41~2.68分];达到MID的模型风险差,8.5%[95%CI,5.9%~11.2%])和呕吐率增加(排除预实验期间出现不良事件患者,试验中阿片类药物vs安慰剂的5.9% vs 2.3%)相关。

中低等级质量的证据表明,阿片类对疼痛和机体功能的改善与非甾体类抗炎药物(疼痛:WMD,-0.60 cm[95%CI,-1.54~0.34 cm];机体功能:WMD,-0.90分[95%CI,-2.69~0.89分])、三环类抗抑郁药(疼痛:WMD,-0.13 cm[95%CI,-0.99~0.74 cm];机体功能:WMD,-5.31分[95%CI,-13.77~3.14分])和抗痉挛药(疼痛:WMD,-0.90 cm[95%CI,-1.65~-0.14 cm];机体功能:WMD,0.45分[95%CI,-5.77~6.66分])相似。

结论和意义:在慢性非癌症疼痛患者的RCT的meta分析中,高质量研究的证据表明,同安慰剂相比,阿片类药物可以轻度改善疼痛和身体功能,但会增加呕吐的风险。中低等级的证据表明,阿片类与非阿片类替代药物在疼痛改善和身体功能上的获益是相似的。

原始出处:

Busse JW, Wang L, Kamaleldin M, et.al. Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2448-2460. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18472.

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    2019-02-15 lhlxtx
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    2019-02-13 12523ac1m54暂无昵称

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产妇,女,27岁,因“肾功能不全9+年,停经32+2周,全身皮肤瘙痒2+月,加重1周”入院,入院诊断为“1、慢性肾功能衰竭(尿毒症期);2、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(重度);3、FGR;4、G3P132周宫内孕头位单活胎。”产妇6年前明确诊断为“慢性肾功能衰竭(尿毒症期)”,开始行维持性血液透析至今,并有输血史。自诉有乙肝病史6年,否认其他疾病。