来个「眩晕」的病人,你能想到什么 ?

2016-11-24 佚名 医学之声

眩晕是患者感到自身或周围环境物体旋转或摇动的一种主观感觉障碍,常伴有客观的平衡障碍,一般无意识障碍。主要由迷路、前庭神经、脑干及小脑病变引起,亦可由其他系统或全身性疾病而引起。引起眩晕的常见原因如下:1.周围性眩晕(耳性眩晕)是指内耳前庭至前庭神经颅外段之间的病变所引起的眩晕。(1)梅尼埃病:以发作性眩晕伴耳鸣、听力减退及眼球震颤为主要特点,严重时可伴有恶心、呕吐、面色苍白和出汗,发作多短暂,很少

眩晕是患者感到自身或周围环境物体旋转或摇动的一种主观感觉障碍,常伴有客观的平衡障碍,一般无意识障碍。主要由迷路、前庭神经、脑干及小脑病变引起,亦可由其他系统或全身性疾病而引起。引起眩晕的常见原因如下:

1.周围性眩晕(耳性眩晕)

是指内耳前庭至前庭神经颅外段之间的病变所引起的眩晕。

(1)梅尼埃病:以发作性眩晕伴耳鸣、听力减退及眼球震颤为主要特点,严重时可伴有恶心、呕吐、面色苍白和出汗,发作多短暂,很少超过2周。具有复发性特点。

(2)迷路炎:多由于中耳炎并发,症状同上,检查发现鼓膜穿孔,有助于诊断。

(3)内耳药物中毒:常由链霉素、庆大霉素及其同类药物中毒性损害所致。多为渐进性眩晕伴耳鸣、听力减退,常先有口周及四肢发麻等。水杨酸制剂、奎宁、某些镇静安眠药(氯丙嗪、哌替啶等)亦可引起眩晕。

(4)前庭神经元炎:多在发热或上呼吸道感染后突然出现眩晕,伴恶心、呕吐,一般无耳鸣及听力减退。持续时间较长,可达6周,痊愈后很少复发。

(5)位置性眩晕:病人头部处在一定位置时出现眩晕和眼球震颤,多数不伴耳呜及听力减退。可见于迷路和中枢病变。

(6)晕动病:见于晕船、晕车等,常伴恶心、呕吐、面色苍白、出冷汗等。

2.中枢性眩晕(脑性眩晕)

指前庭神经颅内段、前庭神经核及其纤维联系、小脑、大脑等的病变所引起的眩晕。

(1)颅内血管性疾病:椎-基底动脉供血不足、锁骨下动脉偷漏综合征、延髓外侧综合征、脑动脉粥样硬化、高血压脑病和小脑出血等。

(2)颅内占位性病变:听神经纤维瘤、小脑肿瘤、第四脑室肿瘤和其他部位肿瘤等。

(3)颅内感染性疾病:颅后凹蛛网膜炎、小脑脓肿。

(4)颅内脱髓鞘疾病及变性疾病:多发性硬化、延髓空洞症。

(5)癫痫

以上疾病可有不同程度眩晕和原发病的其他表现。

3.其他原因的眩晕

(1)心血管疾病:低血压、高血压、阵发性心动过速、房室传导阻滞等。

(2)血液病:各种原因所致贫血、出血等。

(3)中毒性:急性发热性疾病、尿毒症、严重肝病、糖尿病等。

(4)眼源性:眼肌麻痹,屈光不正。

(5)头部或颈椎损伤后。

(6)神经症。

以上病症可有不同程度眩晕,但常无真正旋转感,一般不伴听力减退、眼球震颤,少有耳鸣,有原发病的其他表现。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160651, encodeId=3c79160651bd, content=耳石症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:15:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158697, encodeId=a80315869e77, content=很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK1ZqsYk10AC3I1qCTSOOLGsb7hc2dljeUTjrMkicga7YWNj4MnLgU5QyIsglfeD4h3fHO9dCh3uw/0, createdBy=1c1f1694537, createdName=waixiangren, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 13:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158031, encodeId=a1481580310c, content=较为全面的总结,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161111/IMG5825824F0A19A1764.jpg, createdBy=edeb1422421, createdName=yxtcm.best, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 07:34:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157973, encodeId=687215e97399, content=症状复杂多变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9a3e1625700, createdName=18719ba4d5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 00:15:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157943, encodeId=95c115e943b7, content=实用神内十个病人三个晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c241985681, createdName=1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 24 21:11:49 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-06 晞茗

    耳石症

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160651, encodeId=3c79160651bd, content=耳石症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:15:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158697, encodeId=a80315869e77, content=很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK1ZqsYk10AC3I1qCTSOOLGsb7hc2dljeUTjrMkicga7YWNj4MnLgU5QyIsglfeD4h3fHO9dCh3uw/0, createdBy=1c1f1694537, createdName=waixiangren, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 13:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158031, encodeId=a1481580310c, content=较为全面的总结,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161111/IMG5825824F0A19A1764.jpg, createdBy=edeb1422421, createdName=yxtcm.best, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 07:34:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157973, encodeId=687215e97399, content=症状复杂多变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9a3e1625700, createdName=18719ba4d5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 00:15:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157943, encodeId=95c115e943b7, content=实用神内十个病人三个晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c241985681, createdName=1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 24 21:11:49 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-28 waixiangren

    很全面

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160651, encodeId=3c79160651bd, content=耳石症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:15:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158697, encodeId=a80315869e77, content=很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK1ZqsYk10AC3I1qCTSOOLGsb7hc2dljeUTjrMkicga7YWNj4MnLgU5QyIsglfeD4h3fHO9dCh3uw/0, createdBy=1c1f1694537, createdName=waixiangren, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 13:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158031, encodeId=a1481580310c, content=较为全面的总结,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161111/IMG5825824F0A19A1764.jpg, createdBy=edeb1422421, createdName=yxtcm.best, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 07:34:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157973, encodeId=687215e97399, content=症状复杂多变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9a3e1625700, createdName=18719ba4d5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 00:15:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157943, encodeId=95c115e943b7, content=实用神内十个病人三个晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c241985681, createdName=1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 24 21:11:49 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-25 yxtcm.best

    较为全面的总结,谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160651, encodeId=3c79160651bd, content=耳石症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:15:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158697, encodeId=a80315869e77, content=很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK1ZqsYk10AC3I1qCTSOOLGsb7hc2dljeUTjrMkicga7YWNj4MnLgU5QyIsglfeD4h3fHO9dCh3uw/0, createdBy=1c1f1694537, createdName=waixiangren, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 13:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158031, encodeId=a1481580310c, content=较为全面的总结,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161111/IMG5825824F0A19A1764.jpg, createdBy=edeb1422421, createdName=yxtcm.best, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 07:34:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157973, encodeId=687215e97399, content=症状复杂多变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9a3e1625700, createdName=18719ba4d5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 00:15:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157943, encodeId=95c115e943b7, content=实用神内十个病人三个晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c241985681, createdName=1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 24 21:11:49 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-25 18719ba4d5m

    症状复杂多变

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160651, encodeId=3c79160651bd, content=耳石症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:15:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158697, encodeId=a80315869e77, content=很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK1ZqsYk10AC3I1qCTSOOLGsb7hc2dljeUTjrMkicga7YWNj4MnLgU5QyIsglfeD4h3fHO9dCh3uw/0, createdBy=1c1f1694537, createdName=waixiangren, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 13:31:57 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158031, encodeId=a1481580310c, content=较为全面的总结,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161111/IMG5825824F0A19A1764.jpg, createdBy=edeb1422421, createdName=yxtcm.best, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 07:34:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157973, encodeId=687215e97399, content=症状复杂多变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9a3e1625700, createdName=18719ba4d5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 25 00:15:20 CST 2016, time=2016-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157943, encodeId=95c115e943b7, content=实用神内十个病人三个晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c241985681, createdName=1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 24 21:11:49 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-24 1e1928d9m63(暂无匿称)

    实用神内十个病人三个晕

    0

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