Nature Immunology:摄取膳食纤维产生的短链脂肪酸能够防治1型糖尿病

2017-04-19 MedSci MedSci原创

这项研究揭示了肠道中的微生物能够通过发酵膳食纤维产生短链脂肪酸,从而降低因基因缺项所引起的一型糖尿病的发生。为通过膳食辅助管理一型糖尿病的病状提供了理论支持。

不同于2型糖尿病,1型糖尿病被认为是一种基因导致的疾病。因为基因异常调控导致机体自身的免疫(T,B)细胞攻击自身的胰岛β细胞,从而导致胰岛素的产生异常以及糖尿病。除了通过调节抑制免疫系统之外,通过饮食改善病症也具有一定的临床价值。在最新一期的Nature Immunology杂志中,研究人员Eliana Marino以及其同事报道了他们的发现,肠道微生物发酵膳食纤维而产生的短链脂肪酸能够抑制T细胞的过免疫反应,并且也因此能够控制一型糖尿病的症状。

研究人员通过1型糖尿病实验小鼠模型(NOD小鼠)发现,如果在NOD小鼠上敲除MyD88蛋白,一种对识别及清除肠道微生物至关重要的蛋白,NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生率大大降低。同时缺失MyD88蛋白的NOD小鼠如果处于无菌环境下,就仍然会发生一定程度的糖尿病。由于MyD88蛋白的功能是介导微生物所引起的炎症,这项实验证明:在不引起系统性炎症的情况下,肠道微生物能够控制糖尿病的发生率。

研究人员进一步发现,肠道中的微生物能够通过发酵膳食纤维而产生短链脂肪酸,如果在膳食中加大短链脂肪酸的含量,则糖尿病的发生率会进一步的下降。从脾脏分离出来的T细胞表明,摄入更多短链脂肪酸的实验鼠产生更少的特异性攻击胰岛β细胞的T细胞;B细胞的增殖也明显下降,相反起到抑制过免疫反应的调节型T(Treg)细胞的数量却显著上升。因此在外周血的促炎细胞激素比如IL21的含量也大大下降。除此之外研究还发现,摄入更多的短链脂肪酸会改善肠道功能,使肠道的肠壁功能更紧实,入侵外周血的细菌量更低,并且对于葡萄糖的吸收以及脂肪储存都下降。

这项研究揭示了肠道中的微生物能够通过发酵膳食纤维产生短链脂肪酸,从而降低因基因缺项所引起的一型糖尿病的发生。为通过膳食辅助管理1型糖尿病的病状提供了理论支持。

原始初始:

Eliana Mariño, James L Richards, Keiran H McLeod et al. Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nature Immunology 18, 552–562 (2017) doi:10.1038/ni.3713

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    2017-09-21 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881924, encodeId=3cf5188192403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 21:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190099, encodeId=6f7919009970, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 09:30:03 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350321, encodeId=765e135032114, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=224a85904ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膳食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85904, encryptionId=224a85904ad, topicName=膳食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Apr 21 04:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188836, encodeId=e3751888367e, content=小編辛苦了,给我们准备了如此丰富的精神大餐。点赞了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 19 15:34:09 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188821, encodeId=bac41888214b, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 14:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-24 往日如昨

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881924, encodeId=3cf5188192403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 21:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190099, encodeId=6f7919009970, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 09:30:03 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350321, encodeId=765e135032114, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=224a85904ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膳食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85904, encryptionId=224a85904ad, topicName=膳食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Apr 21 04:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188836, encodeId=e3751888367e, content=小編辛苦了,给我们准备了如此丰富的精神大餐。点赞了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 19 15:34:09 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188821, encodeId=bac41888214b, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 14:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-21 zhaojie88
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    2017-04-19 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    小編辛苦了,给我们准备了如此丰富的精神大餐。点赞了。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881924, encodeId=3cf5188192403, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 21 21:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=190099, encodeId=6f7919009970, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Mon Apr 24 09:30:03 CST 2017, time=2017-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350321, encodeId=765e135032114, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=224a85904ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膳食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85904, encryptionId=224a85904ad, topicName=膳食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Apr 21 04:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188836, encodeId=e3751888367e, content=小編辛苦了,给我们准备了如此丰富的精神大餐。点赞了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 19 15:34:09 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188821, encodeId=bac41888214b, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Apr 19 14:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-19 lovetcm

    有意思

    0

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目前我国已成为全球糖尿病患者人数最多的国家。据最新数据显示,中国糖尿病患者人数已达1.14亿,约占全球糖尿病人总数的三分之一;长期以来全球科学家们一直在努力研究糖尿病的发病机理及原因。本文梅斯医学小编整理近期具有突破性的糖尿病研究,分享给大家,与大家一起学习进步。【1】JCEM:1型糖尿病可能与肠道炎症和细菌有关根据一项最新研究结果,1型糖尿病患者与未患糖尿病的正常人以及腹腔疾病患