Neuron:大家吃盐口味轻重与否,这类神经元说了算

2017-09-30 佚名 生物探索

盐是百味之首,我们每天都在吃。不同的是,吃起来有人口味轻,有人口味重。近日,发表于Neuron杂志上的一项研究发现,大脑中一类神经元亚群NTSHSD2在这一过程中扮演着重要角色。

盐是百味之首,我们每天都在吃。不同的是,吃起来有人口味轻,有人口味重。近日,发表于Neuron杂志上的一项研究发现,大脑中一类神经元亚群NTSHSD2在这一过程中扮演着重要角色。

盐对人的重要性不言而喻,当机体缺盐时,体内的激素就会释放信号,提醒我们“该吃盐了”。但是,这些激素究竟是如何作用于大脑,激发我们对盐的渴望,至今仍是个谜。

现在,贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心(BIDMC)的一个科学小组已经对这一过程提出了新看法。Bradford Lowell博士实验室中的科学家们发现了能对机体钠缺乏做出响应的神经细胞亚群,并绘制了大脑驱动盐消耗的神经环路。

NTSHSD2与钠渴望

“我们在大脑中发现了一种特定的环路,可以检测出钠缺乏,并特异性地激发对钠的渴望。”该研究的共同第一作者、Lowell实验室的博士后研究员Jon m . Resch博士说。“此外,这项研究表明,钠摄入会受到大脑的严格控制,这些神经元的功能障碍可能会导致钠摄入过度或不足,这可能会随着时间的推移对心血管系统产生造成影响。”

该研究团队专注研究一组神经元亚群——NTSHSD2,它由该研究的共通讯作者Joel Geerling博士在10年前发现。在对钠缺乏的小鼠进行的一系列实验中,研究人员证明钠缺乏会激活这些神经元。他们还发现人体在缺钠时释放的激素——醛固酮增加了这些神经元的反应。

Resch说:“虽然还有必要进行进一步研究,但这些神经元似乎受到这些激素的高度影响,并且受到来自其他神经元输入信号的影响较少。这是NTSHSD2神经元独特和意想不到的特征。”

NTSHSD2神经元与ATII协同作用

研究人员还发现,NTSHSD2神经元——位于大脑一个名为孤束核的脑区——并不仅仅负责驱动钠的渴望。在不缺乏钠的小鼠实验中,人为激活NTSHSD2神经元只有在血管紧张素II(ATII,机体在缺钠时释放的另一种激素)同时发出信号时才会诱发钠摄入。从这一点上,Resch和他的同事们得出结论,另一组对血管紧张素敏感的神经元可能在驱动钠渴望方面起着作用。但这些神经元尚未被识别。

研究结果表明,只有对醛固酮和血管紧张素响应的两个不同亚群的神经元之间协同作用,才会迅速激发实验性缺陷小鼠的钠渴望。Resch指出,他和同事们揭示的钠渴望环路为20世纪80年代早期提出的假设提供了一个生理框架。

Resch说:“关于钠渴望如何起作用,还有几个问题,但一个主要的问题是,ATII在大脑中的哪个区域起作用,以及信号如何与对醛固酮响应的NTSHSD2的神经元协调工作。我们已经开始进一步工作,以填补这些认知空白。”

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    2018-02-09 by2021
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751852, encodeId=4b961e5185255, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Fri Feb 09 00:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251052, encodeId=75e2251052fb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Sat Oct 07 09:34:11 CST 2017, time=2017-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=250739, encodeId=61c1250e3997, content=今日方知, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Fri Oct 06 08:30:55 CST 2017, time=2017-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249302, encodeId=07a9249302b6, content=学习了谢谢了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Oct 01 07:34:03 CST 2017, time=2017-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249204, encodeId=0b0624920487, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sat Sep 30 23:25:44 CST 2017, time=2017-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249164, encodeId=0436249164e1, content=盐对人的作用.值得深究.努力学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160623/IMG576BCE3504BEE4493.jpg, createdBy=161a1711463, createdName=心愿, createdTime=Sat Sep 30 19:41:04 CST 2017, time=2017-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249109, encodeId=9a012491099a, content=学习了.涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDM9swhbgTo7nzqRKzMmzckmEoeTyLQVDCgjqsicjyhxPs0vPoYU6GsSYbCjSkNHicJkz3NL0a0EbUMVdNjkctXI6FocpGKaVr9E/0, createdBy=29392048316, createdName=王秀, createdTime=Sat Sep 30 13:46:47 CST 2017, time=2017-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-07 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

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    2017-10-06 yfjms

    今日方知

    0

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    2017-10-01 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2017-09-30 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2017-09-30 心愿

    盐对人的作用.值得深究.努力学习

    0

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    2017-09-30 王秀

    学习了.涨知识了!

    0

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