Nature:一个大胆的想法,改善肿瘤联合免疫治疗疗效

2019-05-29 佚名 生物通

西班牙纳瓦拉临床大学(Clinica Universidad de Navarra)的研究人员领导的一项合作性实验提出了一种治疗癌症的方法,将联合免疫疗法的疗效和毒性分离开来,其临床策略包括应用联合免疫治疗(PD-1和CTLA-4等“减缓”免疫反应的蛋白质),同时阻断参与免疫系统调节的蛋白质(肿瘤坏死因子,TNF)。国际领先的科学周刊《Nature》在最新一期刊登了这项研究。

西班牙纳瓦拉临床大学(Clinica Universidad de Navarra)的研究人员领导的一项合作性实验提出了一种治疗癌症的方法,将联合免疫疗法的疗效和毒性分离开来,其临床策略包括应用联合免疫治疗(PD-1和CTLA-4等“减缓”免疫反应的蛋白质),同时阻断参与免疫系统调节的蛋白质(肿瘤坏死因子,TNF)。国际领先的科学周刊《Nature》在最新一期刊登了这项研究。



“在这项研究中,我们已经确认TNF的免疫调节功能是可有可无的,并且在一定程度上对这种联合免疫疗法的抗肿瘤活性有害,”Cima的高级研究员和纳瓦拉临床大学免疫学系的共同主任Ignacio Melero博士解释说。“我们已经证实,在应用免疫治疗前预防性阻断TNF可以避免不良反应,提高这些动物模型对治疗的反应。这使我们能够更好地调整药物的剂量,从而获得更强大的抗肿瘤效果,”Cima的研究人员Elisabeth Perez Ruiz博士补充说。来自Costa del Sol医院的Elisabeth Perez Ruiz博士是这项工作的第一作者,她强调了这种方法的实用性,“在预防方面,意味着使用我们在常规实践中已经使用的方法来处理自身免疫的副作用。”

专家们指出,下一步就是把这项研究转化到临床。根据Melero博士的说法,“如果我们在病人身上获得了这项研究的结果,它将改变癌症治疗模式。然而,尽管在动物模型中取得了有希望的结果,但我们必须对它们的解释非常谨慎,因为我们不确定它们是否会在正在进行的临床试验的患者中或即将开始的患者中被复制。”

抗TNF治疗的新颖性
癌症治疗方面的研究试图将免疫疗法的益处扩大到更多的病人身上。这一领域的最新进展包括将这些治疗方法结合起来。其中,“PD-1和CTLA-4抑制药物的组合对最具侵袭性的皮肤癌(黑色素瘤)、肾癌和肺癌具有显著的疗效。然而,40%的病人有严重的副作用。这正是我们在这项研究中所取得的预防作用对联合免疫疗法的成功如此重要的原因,”专家补充说。

PD-1和CTLA-4是一种免疫细胞(T淋巴细胞)蛋白质,负责阻止这些细胞破坏其他细胞,如癌细胞。因此,它们在免疫系统中起着“刹车”的作用。通过抑制这些分子,“刹车”被拔出,生物体的防御得到刺激。

肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)可介导炎症,诱导某些肿瘤细胞的破坏,并激活白细胞,即免疫系统细胞。这种蛋白在免疫治疗中的阻断作用并不是新闻,但在抗PD-1和抗CTLA-4治疗中的预防性应用是新颖的。

“临床证据并不充分,但研究表明,在晚期癌症患者中抑制TNF具有很好的安全性。我们实验室的结果以及以往的临床经验建议进行临床试验,以检验这种联合免疫治疗的安全性和有效性。事实上,我们正在评估一项潜在的临床试验方案,以研究预防性TNF阻滞对患者用nivolumab(抗-PD-1)和ipilimumab(抗-CTLA-4)疗效的影响,”专家补充说。

原始出处:Perez-Ruiz E, Minute L, Otano I, et al. Prophylactic TNF blockade uncouples efficacy and toxicity in dual CTLA-4 and PD-1 immunotherapy. Nature. 2019 May;569(7756):428-432.

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    2019-07-11 liye789132251
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    2019-05-31 yjs木玉

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    2019-05-29 yjs木玉

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    2019-05-29 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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