三大致盲性眼病:白内障、青光眼和黄斑变性,记住三句话,别等失明才后悔!| 推广

2017-11-09 佚名 健康时报

数据显示,每5个盲人当中,有4人的视力损伤是可以避免的。全球2.8亿视力受损患者中,80%的因素是可以预防的。



数据显示,每5个盲人当中,有4人的视力损伤是可以避免的。全球2.8亿视力受损患者中,80%的因素是可以预防的。

世界卫生组织(WHO)认定的三大致盲性眼病——白内障、青光眼和黄斑变性,在我国依然横行。北京协和医院眼科赵家良教授提到,我国部分地区由于文化程度低,白内障依然没有得到很好的治疗。又由于认知程度低,高度近视引起的眼底病变以及老年人黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变等也正在成为重要的致盲因素。

1、青光眼是世界首位的不可逆性致盲眼病

青光眼因其不可逆性,其影响比白内障还严重。预计到2020年,我国将有2100万的青光眼患者。

很多人认为青光眼是老人病,事实上,青光眼在任何年龄段的人群均可发病,从刚出生的婴儿直到耄耋之年的老人都会罹患此病。

青光眼主要有以下三类:
1、急性发作
眼球内压力急剧升高,患者会感觉到头痛,眼痛,这类患者如果不迅速把眼压控制到正常水平,在短时间内就可致盲;

2、慢性眼压升高
这些患者就没有明显的症状,同时还保持较好的视力,但是视野在不断的缩小,等患者有症状的时候,已经到了视神经损害的晚期;

3、发生在婴幼儿的青光眼
主要表现为婴儿出生后眼球大于正常孩子,怕光,流泪,确诊后要尽快手术才有可能保留一定的视觉功能。
北京协和医院赵家良教授在诺华张江园区的一场关于中国眼科发展30年的交流研讨会上称,青光眼如果能早期发现、合理治疗,将眼压控制在一定水平,可以终生不失明。有家族史的人青光眼发病率更高,如果医生能做到关注患者家属,定期检查,将能拯救更多青光眼患者。

2、预防黄斑变性,用眼切忌目不转睛


预防眼底黄斑病变,要明确几个引发病变的危险因素,除了年龄外,性别(研究显示女性可能患此病的倾向是男性的2倍)、吸烟、长期暴露于阳光下、营养不良,如胡萝卜素水平较低、体内叶黄素含量较低等,都会引发眼底黄斑病变。

早期预防眼底黄斑病变,首先要从用眼习惯入手,用眼时切忌“目不转睛”,可以常做眨眼,以减少眼球暴露于空气中的时间,避免泪液蒸发,同时要尽量减少长时间连续操作电脑,注意中间休息,通常连续操作1小时,休息5~10分钟。

3、白内障盯上年轻人,三个信号别大意

很多年轻人白天伏案工作,下班了也手机不离手,聊天、游戏、网购。电脑手机等屏幕的辐射对眼睛的伤害很大,是白内障的诱因之一。一些年轻人还喜欢拿着手机看电子小说、发短信,不管在公共汽车上还是睡前躺着看,都对眼睛不利。舞厅、酒吧,一明一暗急速变换的灯光对眼睛也有影响。

要特别注意这些早起发病的信号,尽早去医院检查治疗


1、视力下降。近视眼度数急速升高;远视眼却会发现,度数降低了,不戴远视眼镜也能阅读,这种现象称为第二视力,都是屈光改变,白内障的早期症状。

2、明亮的光线下视力更差,这是由于明亮光照射,瞳孔缩小,眼睛的光通道变窄的原因。

3、看物体会出现重影、虚影,这是由于晶状体肿胀,视物变形,出现单眼复视或多视造成。

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    2017-11-11 huangdf
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    2017-11-11 muzishouyi
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    2017-11-11 pps20023
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2007年欧洲白内障与屈光手术协会(ESCRS)公布一项前瞻性多中心随机对照试验结果:白内障术中常规前房内注射头孢呋辛可5倍降低术后眼内炎发生率。这一结果使白内障术中抗生素预防性应用由2007年30%攀升至2014年50%,因美国缺少眼内头孢呋辛处方用药,万古霉素则成为术中常用预防性抗生素。

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