Nat Med:经常被病菌感染导致记忆下降

2017-05-20 李华芸 生物通

纽约大学Langone医学中心的研究人员5月15日在线发表《Nature Medicine》文章,声称发现了机体对抗流感病毒和HIV病毒的免疫反应导致学习和记忆问题的分子机理。文中证据表明,病毒进入小鼠血液后,开启“急救”免疫细胞(CX3CR1highLY6Clow单核细胞)释放炎症信号蛋白TNFα,TNFα运行至大脑,阻止神经细胞连接形成。病毒之所以这么做,目的是阻止神经细胞将免疫反应感觉信息转

纽约大学Langone医学中心的研究人员5月15日在线发表《Nature Medicine》文章,声称发现了机体对抗流感病毒和HIV病毒的免疫反应导致学习和记忆问题的分子机理。文中证据表明,病毒进入小鼠血液后,开启“急救”免疫细胞(CX3CR1highLY6Clow单核细胞)释放炎症信号蛋白TNFα,TNFα运行至大脑,阻止神经细胞连接形成。

病毒之所以这么做,目的是阻止神经细胞将免疫反应感觉信息转变成记忆。

长久以来,人们虽然已经意识到通过病毒而激活的免疫反应会造成认知问题,但其作用机制尚不清楚。新的研究报告指出,与病毒相关的免疫激活导致大脑皮层神经回路神经细胞之间失联,而这部分大脑区域与学习有关。因此,受病毒感染的小鼠学习能力表现较差。

神经树突(dendrites)是接受其他神经元传入信息的入口,神经网络通过改变树突枝(或称棘“spines”)的物理布线来增加神经触处,从而形成记忆。之前的研究表明,学习新的运动技能可增加运动皮层树突棘,而树突棘的拓展又能改善动物的学习能力。

本文实验发现,将小鼠暴露于一种被称为poly(I:C)的模拟病毒感染条件下时,小鼠的树突棘200%的低于免疫系统未被激活的小鼠,这表明模拟病毒感染小鼠的神经突触网络已被破坏。


给转基因小鼠(L5神经元的Thy1表达黄色荧光蛋白)注射模拟病毒感染


双光子显微镜观察结果显示,病毒感染后(右)的突触棘减少

此外,研究人员训练小鼠在旋转杆上爬行,以测试它们的运动学习(肌肉协调)能力,暴露于poly(I:C)模拟感染的小鼠的表现与缺少突出棘的小鼠一样。

对小鼠注射poly(I:C)后,研究人员还测量了小鼠体内的促炎性信号蛋白“细胞因子”水平,随后发现了与其他细胞因子相比,TNFα的信号表达水平更强、更持久。


“病毒”感染后血浆(左)和皮质(右)TNFα变化水平(ELISA)

因此,研究小组成员推测,全身免疫反应调控脑部细胞连接的事件,可能是通过TNFα信号来执行的。

使用基因工程手段,缺失小鼠白细胞的TNFα信号后,再将转基因小鼠暴露于病毒模拟物,发现小鼠的突出棘数量和运动学习能力都没有下降。

神经失联的触发事件并非发生在脑内,而是大脑外围(periphery)。在这里,病毒首先与血液中的CX3CR1highLY6Clow单核细胞发生接触。

“我们经常在临床中观察到,患有慢性或急性传染病的病人往往伴有运动机能和记忆机能丧失,”纽约大学麻醉、围手术期护理和疼痛医学系的助理教授杨广博士说。“我们的研究表明,现有的靶向TNFα的抗炎药物可以防止因外围感染引起的脑功能障碍。”

杨广博士和他的同事们下一步将寻找针对CX3CR1highLY6Clow单核细胞的药物或物理治疗手段,防止它们将病毒感染后的不良信号传递给大脑。同时,也会测试现有的抗TNF药物,如治疗类风湿关节炎的英夫利昔单抗,可否用于防止病毒感染造成的认知障碍。

原始出处:

Garré JM, Silva HM, Lafaille JJ, Yang G. CX3CR1+ monocytes modulate learning and learning-dependent dendritic spine remodeling via TNF-α. Nat Med. 2017 May 15.

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    2017-11-11 liye789132251
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    2017-05-22 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错的

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882062, encodeId=e10e1882062ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Nov 11 09:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201004, encodeId=080020100456, content=学习一下很不错的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:22:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607540, encodeId=13a8160e540e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun May 21 22:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200500, encodeId=43d320050002, content=学习了谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sat May 20 17:45:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200373, encodeId=1d9e2003e395, content=学习了,涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 20 10:19:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200353, encodeId=77be20035304, content=很不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Sat May 20 09:26:08 CST 2017, time=2017-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200309, encodeId=2d6f200309da, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Sat May 20 08:23:59 CST 2017, time=2017-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200287, encodeId=b79a20028e83, content=经常被细菌感染导致记忆下降, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRrYOibkVibW9vAkCfb2F55aHjqMoqUVaF9fuXIMCxexawSOsicpbF7Ria7o54zPK65PodlkwhPrNhLhS/0, createdBy=12f71314239, createdName=ann y, createdTime=Sat May 20 07:54:44 CST 2017, time=2017-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-20 184****9840

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-05-20 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

    0

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    2017-05-20 中医痴

    很不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-05-20 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-05-20 ann y

    经常被细菌感染导致记忆下降

    0

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