Cell Report:寄生虫分泌的囊泡能够抑制机体的免疫能力

2017-05-26 MedSci MedSci原创

寄生虫的细胞外囊泡可以抑制巨噬细胞激活和IL-33信号的激活,并且以此抑制机体针对线虫的免疫机制。接种细胞外囊泡能够引起对于蠕虫感染的免疫反应,有作为疫苗的潜力。

肠道中的巨噬细胞和上皮细胞在驱动肠道对蠕虫寄生虫的免疫反应中起着核心作用,因此它们常常是外源的这些寄生虫的主要靶标。最近的研究已经证明许多寄生虫能够释放细胞外囊泡(EVs),这些囊泡包含着寄生虫所分泌的各种蛋白,可能起到与其他寄生虫相互通信的作用,但很少知道其是否与免疫细胞特异性相互作用和在感染期间的功能。

在最新一期的Cell Report杂志中,Gillian Coakley及其同志报导了他们的发现,寄生虫的细胞外囊泡能够调节宿主的巨噬细胞,影响其功能。 

首先研究人员发现,巨噬细胞能够有效的内吞被分泌的寄生虫细胞外囊泡。但是这一内吞过程可以通过添加对于结合寄生虫细胞外囊泡的特异性抗体,或者肌动蛋白聚合(actin polymerization)抑制剂来阻断。

另外重要的是,感染线虫后所释放的细胞外囊泡能够抑制巨噬细胞,包括不管是负责促炎反应的M1型还是负责抑制炎症的M2型巨噬细胞。其结果是导致M1巨噬细胞的炎症因子IL-6,IL-12p40和TNF的下降,以及M2型巨噬细胞的CD206,CCL17,Ym1蛋白的水平降低。此外,线虫细胞外囊泡还能够抑制巨噬细胞上的细胞激素IL-33受体的表达。有趣的是,通过使用用蠕虫囊泡进行疫苗接种可以诱导产生对蠕虫感染的保护性免疫反应,但是在IL-33受体缺陷的小鼠中这一疫苗的功效则不起作用,不能有效的去除蠕虫。

这些数据突出显示了寄生虫的细胞外囊泡可以抑制巨噬细胞激活和IL-33信号的激活,并且以此抑制机体针对线虫的免疫机制。接种细胞外囊泡能够引起对于蠕虫感染的免疫反应,有作为疫苗的潜力。

原始出处:
Gillian Coaklet et al. Extracellular Vesicles from a Helminth Parasite Suppress Macrophage Activation and Constitute an Effective Vaccine for Protective Immunity. Cell Report (2017) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.001

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    2017-12-10 gwc392
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    2018-05-09 维他命
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    2017-06-13 jyzxjiangqin

    寄生虫分泌的囊泡能够抑制机体的免疫能力。

    0

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    2017-05-30 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

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    2017-05-26 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,拜读了

    0

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    2017-05-26 执着追梦

    学习,感谢分享

    0

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