J Appl Physiol:泡热水澡的好处越来越多:还能减轻炎症并改善葡萄糖代谢

2018-11-18 佚名 中国生物技术网

最近一项研究显示,泡热水澡的功效远不止精神放松这么简单。该研究作者认为,定期泡热水澡能轻炎症并改新陈代谢。

最近一项研究显示,泡热水澡的功效远不止精神放松这么简单。该研究作者认为,定期泡热水澡能轻炎症并改新陈代谢。

近几年来,热水浴、桑拿浴和其他所谓的被动加热疗法越来越受到科学家们的关注 。他们相信,这些疗法具有某些潜在的益处,包括改善血管功能和睡眠。由于热水浴花费不高,而且不太可能产生明显的副作用,因此了解热水浴可能带来的的任何益处对于医学来说是一件能快速见效的事情。

最近,研究人员们开始研究热水浴是否会对代谢疾病产生影响,比如糖尿病

大约20年前的一篇论文得出结论,泡热水澡能增强2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素敏感度。然而,尚未明确为什么会出现这种情况。


在最近的研究中,研究人员进一步分析了热水浴的作用机制。他们推测,热水浴对葡萄糖代谢的影响可能与炎症反应有关。

炎症和胰岛素抗性

有证据表明,慢性低水平的炎症会增加胰岛素抗性。换言之,炎症会降低细胞对胰岛素响应的能力,从而可能会导致糖尿病发展。

相反,运动已被证明可以减少炎症并改善胰岛素敏感性,也就是说身体能更好地控制葡萄糖水平。

虽然医生经常建议人们多多运动以减少代谢疾病风险,但并不是所有人都会去运动,尤其是那些因为健康或生理原因无法运动的人。因此,找到提升胰岛素敏感性的替代方法非常有必要。

运动和其他生理应激一样,也会引发短暂的炎症反应,然后是更广泛的抗炎反应。研究人员希望了解热水浴这种不同类型的物理应激是否也能对免疫系统产生类似的作用。

在这项研究中,研究人员们探究了热水浴对超重人的影响(大部分是久坐的男士)。该研究已发表在《Journal of Applied Physiology》上。


热水浴干预疗法

每个参与者浸泡在102°F(39°C)的热水浴中,持续1小时。研究人员在他们泡澡之前、之后和结束2小时后分别采集他们的血液样本。此外,研究人员们还每隔15分钟测量了他们的血压、体温和心率。

在接下来的2周,参与者们又进行了10次热水浸泡。

研究人员们发现,单次热水浴会导致白介素6(IL-6)的升高,这是一种炎症标记物。同样,一氧化氮(NO)的产生量也会增加。

NO的峰值非常重要,因为它会导致血管松弛,降低血压,它还可以促进葡萄糖进入组织,科学家们认为NO具备抗炎特性。

正如预期的那样,为期2周的干预措施导致空腹血糖和炎症减少。与运动影响炎症的方式相同,研究人员发现热水浴也能先使炎症短暂增加,然后就是长期的减少。

作者们得出结论:

“热水浸泡诱导急性炎症反应并增加一氧化氮的生物利用度。慢性干预后空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度的降低表明,热水浸泡可以作为改善葡萄糖代谢的工具。”

研究人员们还写道,对于无法满足体育运动推荐量的人,泡热水澡是能改善代谢健康的方式。

需要指出的是,参与研究的受试者们也报告了某些身体不适的情况。这既可能是他们被要求在热水中待的时间过长,也可能是因为水温过高。未来的研究将探究更短时间或更低的温度是否也能带来类似的益处。

当然,泡个热水澡并不能治疗代谢疾病,但它能是一种简单、经济的干预措施,可以与其他治疗同时进行。

原始出处:Sven P. Hoekstra, Nicolette C. Bishop, Steve H. Faulkner, et al. The acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammation and metabolism in sedentary, overweight adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 Oct 18. 

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    2018-11-19 zz70
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    2018-11-18 医者仁心5538

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