Science:控制不了食欲?也许你的这块大脑特别活跃

2018-07-06 学术经纬 学术经纬

在某时某刻,你是否也曾有过难以抑制的食欲?发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究为我们提供了一个潜在的解释——或许,这都要怪我们大脑里的一个神秘区域……

在某时某刻,你是否也曾有过难以抑制的食欲?发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究为我们提供了一个潜在的解释——或许,这都要怪我们大脑里的一个神秘区域……

这个神秘区域叫做管状核(tuberal nucleus)。相比其他的大脑区域,对于它的研究少得惊人。我们只知道在亨廷顿病和阿兹海默病患者中,这一区域会出现异常。除此之外,“我们对其几乎一无所知”,该研究的通讯作者Fu Yu教授说道。

在人类中,这一脑区位于下丘脑的底部,可被生长抑素(somatostatin)抗体所标记。因此,研究人员们也在小鼠大脑内寻找能够制造这些激素的神经细胞。它们也许隐藏着关于这一脑区的秘密。

研究果然在小鼠的下丘脑内发现了分泌生长抑素的神经细胞,这一位置与人类该脑区的神经细胞分布类似,表明两者之间的关联。在人类中,这一脑区的损伤有时会导致食欲下降,体重减轻。那么,在小鼠中找到的这些神经元,是否也和食欲有关呢?

为了回答这个问题,研究人员们首先观察了这些神经细胞的激活条件。他们发现,当小鼠饿了一整晚后,这些细胞得到了激活,与增长的食欲相一致。同样,在一种叫做生长素的“饥饿激素”作用下,这些细胞也表现出了活性。这些结果表明,该脑区的激活,的确有可能会导致食欲的出现。


与对照组(蓝色)相比,这些神经细胞被杀死后(红色),小鼠的食欲大减,体重出现了显着下降

而接下来的一些研究,则确认了这群细胞与食欲之间的因果关系。研究人员们使用了包括药物和光遗传学在内的方法,来调控这些神经细胞的活性。他们发现,一旦这些神经细胞得到激活,小鼠的食欲就大增。相反,当这些细胞的功能得到抑制后,小鼠的胃口就大减。研究结果清楚地表明,小鼠大脑里的这部分细胞直接控制了食欲。

研究人员们表明,接下来,他们要确认在人体中,也能重复这一结果。倘若得到验证,无疑将揭示关于这个脑区长久以来的困惑。


该研究的图示

值得一提的是,过去我们早已发现了其他一些能影响食欲的神经细胞。如果人类的这一脑区也同样会刺激食欲,则将在这些“吃货脑区”的名单上添加新的名字。这并不令人奇怪。在人类演化的漫漫长路上,食物的稀缺是常态,因此我们的大脑总是想尽办法增强食欲,好摄入维持生命的能量。谁能想到,原本稀缺的高热量食物,竟会泛滥于当下?归根结底,食欲旺盛是我们的本能,要怪就怪美食太诱人。

原始出处:

Sarah Xinwei Luo,et al.Regulation of feeding by somatostatin neurons in the tuberal nucleus.Science.06 Jul 2018:Vol. 361, Issue 6397, pp. 76-81

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    2018-07-15 jyzxjiangqin

    控制不了食欲的原因.

    0

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    2018-07-10 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-07-08 jyzxjiangqin

    控制食欲的大脑.

    0

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    2018-07-08 jichang
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