BMJ:50岁之前都来得及!分析25年数据发现,50岁时的生活习惯和心血管健康评分每多1分,与痴呆风险降低11%相关

2019-08-12 奇点糕 奇点网

老年痴呆可以说是最让人绝望的一种病了,看着自己的亲人一点点糊涂下去却又束手无策的感觉,想必十分不好受。在老年痴呆的一大原因——AD的发生发展中,脑血管的收缩和脑血流量的下降有着十分重要的意义。毕竟作为能耗最高的器官,没有充足的血供可不行。而保证大脑充足的血供,除了脑血管的畅通,一颗健康的心脏也是必不可少的。近日,巴黎大学的Séverine Sabia和Archana Singh-Manoux等

老年痴呆可以说是最让人绝望的一种病了,看着自己的亲人一点点糊涂下去却又束手无策的感觉,想必十分不好受。

在老年痴呆的一大原因——AD的发生发展中,脑血管的收缩和脑血流量的下降有着十分重要的意义。毕竟作为能耗最高的器官,没有充足的血供可不行。而保证大脑充足的血供,除了脑血管的畅通,一颗健康的心脏也是必不可少的。

近日,巴黎大学的Séverine Sabia和Archana Singh-Manoux等对7899人近25的随访研究发现,用来评估心血管健康的Life’s Simple 7评分,也与25年内的痴呆风险有关7项评分的总和每多1分,痴呆风险降低11%。相关研究发表在BMJ上[1]。


左一为Archana Singh-Manoux

(来自fondationbs.org)

AD等等的老年痴呆症,发病过程可以说是十分漫长,在出现临床表现前15~20年,常常就已经有了一些病理改变[2]。漫长的病程让AD的药物研发十分困难,各大制药公司纷纷弃坑,但反过来说的话,这样漫长的病程,也让我们有了充足的时间来对痴呆症进行预防

至于怎么预防,美国和欧洲的指南都建议,把目标对准中年时的心血管风险因素。

人到中年,往往正处在事业的巅峰期,各种应酬不断,大鱼大肉抽烟喝酒更是家常便饭,锻炼更是没有时间,身上肥肉越来越多,高血压高血脂高血糖的三高也少不了这些可都是心血管疾病的危险因素


中年是发福的年纪

(来自pixabay.com)

根据这些危险因素,美国心脏协会(AHA)提出了Life’s Simple 7评分,通过吸烟、饮食、锻炼这三项日常活动,以及BMI、血压、空腹血糖、血胆固醇这四项生理指标(详细评分标准见后文)简单的评估一个人的心血管健康[3]。评分较高的人,患2型糖尿病,以及冠心病、中风等心血管疾病的风险都要更低[4,5]。

心血管系统遍布全身各处,人体组织获取营养、排出废物,乃至一些信号的传递,都要靠心血管系统来实现,大脑当然也不例外。此前就有研究显示,老年人中较高的心血管健康评分,与认知衰退的减缓和痴呆风险的降低有关[6]。

或许,心血管风险和痴呆之间的关系,在中年时就开始了。研究人员使用Whitehall II队列中1万余人将近30年的数据进行了研究。


Whitehall是伦敦一条有许多政府部门的街道,Whitehall II研究中的参与者都是英国公务员

(来自wikimedia.org)

研究人员提取了队列中每个参与者50岁时,Life’s Simple 7评分涉及的7项指标的数据,按不佳、中等、优良分别给0、1、2分。同时,研究人员从电子健康记录中获取了参与者们的死亡和痴呆情况。

最终,7899名数据完整的参与者被纳入了研究。他们基线时平均年龄50.4岁,67.6%为男性。在中位24.7年的随访中,有347人被诊断为痴呆,平均诊断年龄为75.3岁


Life’s Simple 7评分标准

研究人员发现,心血管疾病确实与痴呆有着密切关系。患有心血管疾病与痴呆风险增加96%相关

在心血管健康不佳,Life’s Simple 7总分0~6分的参与者中,平均每1000人年要诊断3.2例痴呆。而总分7~11分和总分12~14分的参与者中,每1000人年分别只有1.7例和1.3例痴呆,痴呆风险分别比0~6分的人低了39%和43%

经进一步统计,研究人员发现,Life’s Simple 7总分每多1分,痴呆风险降低11%!即使在排除了已经发生的心血管疾病的影响后,每多1分的痴呆风险也会降低9%!



不同Life’s Simple 7评分的参与者比例(下),以及他们的相对痴呆风险(上)

而且50岁时的Life’s Simple 7评分只与患心血管疾病前的痴呆风险有关,每多1分与痴呆风险降低11%相关。但如果已经患了心血管疾病,痴呆风险就与50岁时的评分无关了

心血管健康和痴呆之间的关系不一定需要有临床表现的心血管疾病!种种心血管风险因素可能能直接增加痴呆风险!

此外,脑容量也与Life’s Simple 7评分有关。研究人员对708名平均69.9岁时有MRI数据的参与者分析发现,心血管评分每多1分,与全脑体积增加0.14%,灰质体积增加0.12%相关大约相当于年轻了5~6个月

研究人员表示:“心血管风险因素是可以改变的,这使得它们成为重要的战略预防目标。这项研究支持旨在改善50岁心血管健康的公共卫生政策,以促进认知健康。”

参考文献:

1. Sabia S, Fayosse A, Dumurgier J, et al. Association of ideal cardiovascular health at age 50 with incidence of dementia: A 25-year follow-up study[J]. British Medical Journal, 2019.

2. Jack Jr C R, Knopman D S, Jagust W J, et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers[J]. The Lancet Neurology, 2013, 12(2): 207-216.

3. Lloyd-Jones D M. American Heart Association Strategic Planning Task Force and Statistics Committee. Defining and setting national goats for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's Strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond[J]. Circulation, 2010, 121: 586-613.

4. Joseph J J, Echouffo-Tcheugui J B, Carnethon M R, et al. The association of ideal cardiovascular health with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis[J]. Diabetologia, 2016, 59(9): 1893-1903.

5. Fang N, Jiang M, Fan Y. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and risk of cardiovascular disease or mortality: a meta-analysis[J]. International journal of cardiology, 2016, 214: 279-283.

6. Samieri C, Perier M C, Gaye B, et al. Association of cardiovascular health level in older age with cognitive decline and incident dementia[J]. Jama, 2018, 320(7): 657-664.

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    2020-01-11 gaoxiaoe
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    2019-08-12 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

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