Genome Med:帕金森病的早期诊断:DNA甲基化的作用

2018-01-14 BMC中国 BMC期刊

DNA甲基化异常与许多疾病的发生有关。DNA甲基化在帕金森病中的作用引起了越来越多的关注。

DNA甲基化异常与许多疾病的发生有关。DNA甲基化在帕金森病中的作用引起了越来越多的关注。最近,Genome Medicine(基因组医学)发表了一项迄今为止探讨二者相关性规模最大的研究。本文中,该篇论文的作者Yu-Hsuan Chuang向我们介绍了这项研究,并讲述了研究结果会如何为帕金森病的早期诊断带来帮助。

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,65岁以上人群的发病率为0.5%~1%。目前全球有超过1000万人患有帕金森病。

遗憾的是,很难在早期对帕金森病作出准确的诊断,主要原因包括:

1)只有当中脑50%~80%的多巴胺能神经元(为多巴胺的主要来源)死亡时,帕金森病的典型症状如肌强直、运动迟缓及震颤等典型运动症状才会出现。帕金森病的一些动作症状的出现是多巴胺的缺乏引起的。在这些明显症状出现之前,疾病的前驱期会持续很长时间,这段时期帕金森病的症状主要是非特异性症状。

2)其他疾病如创伤后精神障碍、药物或毒物引起的神经功能障碍以及动脉硬化性疾病,与帕金森病有一些相同的症状。

3)运动性及非运动性症状的进展个体差异大,难以预测。

鉴于这些原因,目前迫切需要探索帕金森病早期诊断或预后的生物标记物,以便能够在症状出现之前确诊。

最近,DNA甲基化在帕金森病中的作用受到了越来越多的关注。DNA甲基化是一种表观遗传修饰机制,在不改变DNA序列的前提下,将甲基选择性地添加到胞嘧啶上形成5-甲基胞嘧啶,从而调节基因组功能。既往研究已证实DNA甲基化异常与多种疾病的发生相关。

该研究共纳入831例受试者,是目前规模最大的探讨DNA甲基化与帕金森病关联的研究。研究规模是迄今发表的同类研究的4倍之多,独特之处是采用基于人群的设计来招募帕金森病患者和对照组。另外,与“帕金森病、环境与基因(PEG)”研究相关联,利用高度稳定的Illumina阵列平台进行甲基化检测,以生成全基因组DNA甲基化数据。

通过采用全新的表观基因组关联分析和网络分析法,来研究不同站点帕金森病与DNA甲基化改变之间的关联,或者总体网络(群集),我们发现帕金森病确实与血液和唾液中的DNA甲基化改变相关。很多甲基化水平的差异是由于帕金森病患者相比对照组受试者而言,其血液中不同类型白细胞的数量不同,这表明免疫系统也参与帕金森病的发病过程。作为概念验证,我们的发现证明容易取样的血液和唾液在寻找帕金森病的生物标记方面非常有用。

我们还分析了细胞或组织内特定通路的生物学过程,首次证实了和对照组受试者相比,帕金森病患者有五个通路存在差异:细胞能量产生(线粒体功能)、轴突运输、系统免疫应答、依赖于Wnt的细胞信号通路、组织自我修复及脑铁代谢调控。



研究中发现的生物学通路汇总

研究结果证实了先前提到的生物学通路的确参与帕金森病的进程,同时也提供了一些额外的证据,表明一些先前没有充分认识的途径同样参与帕金森病的进程。

这项研究有助于进一步寻找帕金森病诊断、预后及靶向治疗的生物标记物。此外,研究结果还特别强调了免疫系统在帕金森病中的作用。未来还需开展进一步研究,来阐明这些因素之间的因果关联。

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    2018-01-14 139****0239

    henhao

    0

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    2018-01-14 15991890016白熊

    今天看了这个论文.学习到很多

    0

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    2018-01-14 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-01-14 1e0e5a1fm42(暂无匿称)

    henhao

    0

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    2018-01-14 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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