Cell Rep: 接种疫苗能终身免疫吗?全新发现疫苗的持久性或许与遗传有关

2019-06-19 杜贝贝 生物探索

疫苗时代的到来,已然重塑了世界公共卫生的局面,它不仅保护每年数百万的人免于死亡,特别对新生儿的死亡率下降起到重要作用。

疫苗时代的到来,已然重塑了世界公共卫生的局面,它不仅保护每年数百万的人免于死亡,特别对新生儿的死亡率下降起到重要作用。

近期,有件事情震惊到小编了!小编去医院做了一个普通的不能再普通的身体检查,在把体检报告交给医生之后的十几秒钟的时间里,医生一直保持沉默。我瞬间凌乱了,脑补了各种坏消息的画面。

结果,看着满头冷汗的我,医生默默地说了一句:“你的乙肝疫苗已经几乎没有抗体了,准备打一下增强剂吧!“What?!!!增强剂是什么东西?疫苗不是一次注射万年有效吗?

为了弥补知识盲区,小编开始查找资料恶补相关知识,并且发现了最近发表在《Cell Reports》杂志上一篇关于疫苗诱导免疫力持久性的论文。原来,疫苗持久性还与遗传有关。

疫苗诱导免疫力持久性得到关注

血液中维持一定能起作用的抗体水平,是证明疫苗持续性作用的重要条件之一。然而,每个人体质不同,疫苗在体内的抗体水平变化是存在相当大差异,比如像小编一样,在婴儿时期注射了一些疫苗之后,伴随着成长抗体水平逐渐下降,需要增强剂来补充疫苗的抗体水平。


Daniel O'Connor博士 图片来源:Oxford Vaccine Group

最新论文的第一作者、牛津大学儿科部门研究员的Daniel O'Connor博士说道:“从出生起便唤起强大而持久的疫苗诱导的免疫力,是抗击传染病负担的全球卫生行动的一个重要组成部分。但在疫苗普及的今天,了解抗体持续存在的机制具有重要意义,因为疫苗的有效性和可接受性得到提高后,婴儿在免疫接种后继续得到保护,就不需要在整个儿童时期反复加强保护。”

GWAS探索免疫持久性的“秘诀“

然而,疫苗应答和免疫力持久性由多种因素决定,比如年龄、性别、种族、微生物群、营养状况和传染病等。双胞胎研究也表明,疫苗诱导的免疫具有高度遗传性。最近的研究已经开始解释这种复杂特性背后的遗传成分。

在最新的这项研究中,研究人员对英国和荷兰的3602名儿童进行了全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。他们重点选取了三种常规的儿童疫苗:荚膜组C脑膜炎球菌(MenC),b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)和破伤风类毒素(TT)疫苗,这些疫苗可以预防威胁生命的细菌感染。他们分析了大约670万个影响单位点DNA突变,即与疫苗诱导的血液抗体水平相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)。



最终,研究人员确定了两个与儿童疫苗接种后诱导的免疫力持续性的相关位点。

MenC免疫的持久性与包含一系列信号调节蛋白的基因组区域中的SNPs相关,这些蛋白参与免疫信号传导。同时,TT特异性免疫的持久性与人白细胞抗原(HLA)基因位点中的SNPs相关。HLA分子将肽提供给T细胞,从而诱导B细胞产生抗体。

当然,研究人员也发现,这些变异可能只是疫苗诱导免疫持久性背后的“遗传“决定因素的冰山一角。此外,他们也不清楚这些发现能否适用于除英国和荷兰的高加索人以外的其他种族人群。但作者表示,新生儿筛查方法可能很快就会纳入预测免疫持久性的遗传风险因素,这为个性化疫苗方案铺平了道路。

未来,研究人员计划在更大型的儿童和其他受益于疫苗接种的人群中开展进一步的研究,以探索了解基因构成如何影响疫苗的应答。

原始出处:Daniel O’Connor, Eileen Png, Chiea Chuen Khor, et al. Common Genetic Variations Associated with the Persistence of Immunity following Childhood Immunization. Cell Rep. JUNE 11, 2019

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6月5日报道,疑涉水货子宫颈癌九价疫苗(HPV疫苗)的香港环亚体检集团(下称“环亚公司”)贴出清盘结业通知,称公司户口两星期前被银行冻结,负责人惹上官司,宣布清盘结业。6月5日,香港立法会蒋丽芸议员和葛佩帆议员在立法会大楼召开记者会,回应怀疑非法提供HPV疫苗集团清盘结业的情况。议员表示,已经要求香港默沙东公布供应HPV疫苗的诊所名单,并供市民查阅,让市民知道哪一所诊所有正货疫苗供应。被海关拘捕的