JACC:老年人群他汀一级预防六个问题,衰弱、合并症及多重用药的老年人须警惕不良反应

2018-01-09 卢芳 中国循环杂志

随着老龄化进程和人群寿命的延长,全世界≥65岁的老人越来越多,而动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)是主要的老年人群“杀手”。在美国,到2030年,ASCVD患病率将增加43%。


随着老龄化进程和人群寿命的延长,全世界≥65岁的老人越来越多,而动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)是主要的老年人群“杀手”。在美国,到2030年,ASCVD患病率将增加43%。
 
我国也同样面对这个问题,但是人老了相对就脆弱了,怎么合理应用他汀类药物进行ASCVD的一级预防?JACC最近发表的一篇综述这样说,要点见下:
 
1. 对于≥65岁的老年人,2013年以后欧美发布的5部主要指南中关于应用他汀类药物进行一级预防的推荐明显不同(2013版ACC/AHA指南;NICE、USPSTF、ESC/EAS指南)。
 
上述各指南推荐,糖尿病在内的高危人群和十年心血管病风险较高的人群启用他汀类药物进行一级预防,其中不同指南评估10年心血管病风险的终点不同,包括主要心血管事件和仅致死性ASCVD(ESC/EAS)。


 
2. 具体ACC/AHA指南推荐,40~75岁人群若10年心血管病风险≥7.5%,LDL-C在70~189 mg/dl就需接受他汀治疗;
 
NICE指南推荐,30~84岁人群如果10年心血管病风险≥10%,不论其LDL-C如何均给予大剂量他汀强化治疗;
 
ESC/ESA评估心血管风险所应用的SCORE系统,不适用于>60岁老年人,所以推荐模糊,不过指南反对对于>60岁人群不加区分地启用他汀类治疗,即使10年致死性心血管病风险>10%,但若老年患者伴有4种主要危险因素可考虑使用他汀。
 
3. 目前,在10年心血管病风险超出ACC/AHA界定的7.5%的老年人群(男65岁或女71岁),或者依照NICE指南用QRISK2评估10年心血管病风险≥10%的老年人群(男65岁或女68岁),且伴有危险因素,应用他汀类药物较为明确。
 
4. 老年人群可从他汀类药物治疗中较大获益,不论是低危还是高危患者,使用他汀降低的绝对风险是相似的,其绝对获益取决于绝对风险的降低。此外,即使老年人使用他汀相对获益较小,鉴于其心血管病事件的风险较高,绝对获益也可能较高。
 
5. 对于>75岁老年人启动他汀类药物进行一级预防,尚无直接随机对照临床试验证据。此外,考虑合并症、多药治疗、潜在不良反应以及预期寿命有限,将≤75岁使用他汀类药物的有效性和安全性数据外推至>75岁人群要谨慎。
 
6. 他汀类一级预防的主要目标是实现治疗的“净获益”,其中潜在危害是影响临床决策的重要因素。
 
衰弱、合并症及多重用药可能增加他汀类药物不良反应相关症状,如果老年人存在这些情况,从获益-风险角度评估要慎用他汀类药物。
 
原始出处:

Melvyn Rubenfire. Primary Prevention With Statins in the Elderly. JACC. Jan 02, 2018.

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    2018-07-18 hbwxf
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    2018-01-09 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^^_^

    0

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    2018-01-09 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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