Nat Commun:冷,会改变脂肪细胞的表观遗传特性

2018-04-23 佚名 中国生物技术网

一项关于脂肪细胞的新研究,发现了通过控制生活方式和外部环境影响基因表达的分子机制。该机制包括了下一代药物研究的潜在靶标,以治疗包括糖尿病和肥胖在内的代谢疾病。这项研究近日已发表在《Nature Communications》上。

一项关于脂肪细胞的新研究,发现了通过控制生活方式和外部环境影响基因表达的分子机制。该机制包括了下一代药物研究的潜在靶标,以治疗包括糖尿病和肥胖在内的代谢疾病。这项研究近日已发表在《Nature Communications》上。

研究人员追踪了长时间曝露于寒冷温度中时表观基因组发生的变化,以及这些变化如何使得存储能量的白色脂肪细胞转变为产生热量的褐色脂肪细胞。

日本东京大学和东北大学的代谢表观遗传学家Juro Sakai教授说:“我们认为,这是首次收集到数据证明环境刺激与表观遗传变化之间存在两个步骤。”

基因表达受到表观遗传的调节,表观遗传指的是在基因序列“之上”的化学信号模式。个体的基因序列在受孕时就确定了,但是外部环境因素和个人的生活方式会在一生中持续改变表观遗传序列,从而持续地改变着基因表达的方式。科学界长期以来一直推测细胞内部可能存在一种逐步的过程来控制外部环境对表观基因组的影响,但是之前并没有研究发现确切的分子机制。

颤抖能通过加热肌肉在短时间内使身体产生热量,但是生热作用是褐色脂肪细胞利用脂肪产生热量来使身体长期保持温暖的一个化学过程。褐色脂肪被认为是健康脂肪,它与白色脂肪不同,过多的白色脂肪被认为与多种代谢疾病相关。

当生物体长期处于寒冷环境中时,交感神经系统会通过释放肾上腺素的方式进行反应。如果低温持续,这些肾上腺素信号最终会到达白色脂肪细胞。环境表观遗传控制过程的第一步是,细胞启动名为JMJD1A蛋白质中的一个氨基酸发生特定的变化,改变后的JMJD1A蛋白质会募集其他的蛋白质。在第二步中,JMJD1A蛋白质复合体被启动生热作用的基因利用,并改变表观遗传模式使它们变得活跃。这些表观遗传变化会将白色脂肪细胞转化成“米色脂肪细胞”。这种脂肪细胞能表现出像褐色脂肪细胞一样完成生热作用。

米色脂肪细胞增多,白色脂肪细胞减少能够减轻代谢疾病(比如糖尿病和肥胖)的症状或负面健康影响。尽管将白色脂肪细胞转变为米色脂肪细胞并增强生热作用是应对长期寒冷环境的一种与肾上腺素相关的自然应激反应,但是研究人员称,这种白-米色脂肪细胞转化的过程可以不需要肾上腺素和寒冷的压力。

Sakai说:“理解环境如何影响代谢对于科学、药理学和医学都非常重要。我们接下来的实验将进一步研究生热作用信号通路中的表观遗传变化,从而使得我们能控制这一过程。”

目前的代谢疾病药物主要依赖于流经全身的激素和靶向整个蛋白质的药物。Sakai的研究团队认为,在未来,我们可以通过靶向单一氨基酸的方式来治疗代谢疾病。

JMJD1A蛋白质还参与到很多其他的过程中,包括癌症、不孕不育、干细胞再生以及胚胎性别决定等。然而,Sakai的研究团队发现了蛋白质序列中的位点对于控制蛋白质的不同活性来说具有极高的特异性,控制这些特定的氨基酸或许能够提供精确的药物靶点。

这项研究使用了小鼠细胞。对人类来说,长期寒冷可以指经常在4℃以下的环境。除了生活在寒冷环境中以外,褐色脂肪生热作用对于新生儿来说也是非常重要的,因为他们在子宫中的温度是37℃,但是普通的室温却是23℃。

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    2018-06-22 liuli5079
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    2018-08-07 liye789132251
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    2018-04-24 kafei

    学习学习谢谢

    0

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    2018-04-23 Ramsey

    那得是彻骨的冷吧

    0

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肥胖相关的代谢平衡受损很大程度上与脂肪组织功能失调有关,但是在肥胖疾病中脂肪组织功能失调的机制还没有得到全面揭示。最近来自日本的科学家们发现了一个在脂肪细胞中高表达的基因能够改善代谢,或可成为未来治疗肥胖及相关代谢疾病的新靶点。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊PNAS上。

29岁姑娘选择了“立竿见影”躺着瘦,却不幸吸脂入肺!

为了梦幻的婚礼,美美的婚纱,为了这一天,为了呈现最美的自己,曾经采取多种减肥措施都收效甚微的准新娘小程,准备立竿见影铤而走险,抽脂。抽脂瘦身是现在流行的一种减肥方法,它通过一根两毫米直径的针头深入皮下脂肪层,把油腻腻的脂肪吸出体外,使身体快速瘦身。然而,看似简单的抽脂,却潜伏着巨大的风险,小程不幸中招了!

Diabetes:TCF7L2,糖尿病基因/Wnt信号通路效应器,可调节脂肪的形成及其功能。

转录因子7样2(TCF7L2)是迄今为止发现的II型糖尿病(T2DM)最强的候选基因。TCF7L2蛋白是Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的关键转录效应器,而Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是一条重要的发育信号通路,负性调节脂肪形成。但是,TCF7L2在脂肪细胞的发育和功能中确切的作用目前尚基本不明。研究人员结合体外实验,首次发现在3T3-L1细胞和原始脂肪干细胞(ASC)的脂肪形成过程中,TC

Nat Cell Biol:增加脂肪细胞竟能抗癌!

近日,来自加拿大 McMaster 大学干细胞与癌症研究所 Mickie Bhatia 教授所领导的研究团队发现,红骨髓(具有造血功能的骨髓,后面简称骨髓,虽然人体内也有富含脂肪细胞的黄骨髓,但是这里面的脂肪细胞不乐意帮红骨髓)中的脂肪细胞是人类骨髓中健康血细胞发育成熟所必须的。急性髓性白血病引发的机体造血功能障碍,就是通过抑制骨髓脂肪细胞生成实现的。