来了个手指麻木的病人,你至少要想到这6种可能

2016-12-01 华医网 华医网

导语:手麻是怎么回事?常手麻需警惕!手指麻木不容大意,因为经常性的手麻也可能暗藏疾病!1.脑血管病以脑卒中(脑中风)为主,是急性脑循环障碍迅速导致局限性或弥漫性脑功能缺损的临床事件。常见症状:肢体无力、肢体麻木、讲话困难、黑曚、头晕恶心、言语不利、耳鸣耳聋、意识不清、肢体抽搐、行走不稳。检查手段:听诊、颈动脉超声、TCD(经颅多普勒)、CT、MRI、DSA(血管造影)、心脏检查、血液学等其他常规检

导语:手麻是怎么回事?常手麻需警惕!手指麻木不容大意,因为经常性的手麻也可能暗藏疾病!

1.脑血管病

以脑卒中(脑中风)为主,是急性脑循环障碍迅速导致局限性或弥漫性脑功能缺损的临床事件。

常见症状:肢体无力、肢体麻木、讲话困难、黑曚、头晕恶心、言语不利、耳鸣耳聋、意识不清、肢体抽搐、行走不稳。

检查手段:听诊、颈动脉超声、TCD(经颅多普勒)、CT、MRI、DSA(血管造影)、心脏检查、血液学等其他常规检查。

2.颈椎病

发病率最高。由于颈椎间盘侧后方突出、钩椎关节或关节突增生、肥大、刺激或压迫神经根所致。

常见症状:颈痛、上肢放射痛、上肢麻木、上肢无力。

检查手段:

①X线检查(斜位片):判定椎间孔中神经受压的情况;②CT:骨性结构显示清晰、无创伤、对脊髓和神经有一定程度的表现;③核磁共振(MRI):软组织分辨率很高;对椎间盘、脊髓、神经有清晰地显示;尤其是可反映椎间盘和脊髓的变形情况;任意层面的扫描;但对骨性结构显示不清,故CT、MRI应联合使用;④肌电图:判断颈丛神经受损情况;鉴别其他疾病。

3.臂丛神经损伤

臂丛神经损伤是一种较常见的周围神经损伤,可导致患者上肢运动、感觉功能部分丧失或完全丧失,严重影响患者的生活质量。


​检查手段:肌电图

臂丛损伤诊断:根据根干与束支的定位,五大神经组合诊断

腋 +肌皮—上干

腋+桡—后束

肌皮+正中—外侧束

正中+尺—内侧束、下干

臂丛神经根性损伤节前节后损伤的鉴别:


臂丛损伤诊断顺序:

有无臂丛损伤——二大神经组合

锁骨上下损伤区别——二块肌肉监测(胸大肌、背阔肌)

节前、节后鉴别——二个体征的检查(耸肩、Horner征)

节后损伤程度——临床与肌电的配合(部分、完全)

治疗:

一般治疗:神经营养药物(维生素B1、维生素B2、鼠神经生长因子等);理疗,患肢进行功能锻炼;观察时期一般在3个月~半年左右。

手术治疗:神经松懈术;神经移植术;神经移位术等。

4.正中神经损伤-腕管综合征

最易受损部位:腕部

腕管综合征是指正中神经在腕部受到卡压而引起的三个半指酸痛、麻木等症候群的病症。

病因:外伤、退行性改变、腕关节过度屈伸、炎症、内分泌障碍、占位性病变等导致腕管内压力增大,腕管容积减小,腕管内容物增多。

症状:腕部正中神经支配区域内疼痛,运动、感觉障碍等。

检查手段:体格检查(叩诊锤);神经激惹试验(屈腕试验、腕部叩击试验);肌电图;神经超声(观察神经的形态、走形、内部回声、周边结构、横断面面积)。

治疗:

①局部制动:初期疼痛较重时,可用石膏托、夹板或铝板固定腕部于功能位观察1~2周,以缓解症状。

②药物治疗:神经营养药物。

③封闭手法。

④手术治疗。

5.桡神经损伤

病因:肱骨干骨折、腋杖压迫、上肢置于外展位的手术、桡骨颈骨折、大量骨痂生成。

症状:损伤后的主要运动障碍是前臂伸肌瘫痪,表现为抬前臂时呈“垂腕”状态,各手指掌指关节不能背伸,拇指不能伸,前臂旋后障碍,手臂桡侧皮肤感觉减退或消失。感觉障碍以第1、2掌骨间隙背面“虎口区”皮肤最为明显。

手段:肌电图(判断桡神经受损部位,鉴别其他疾病,确定治疗方案)。

6.尺神经损伤-肘管综合征

尺神经受压的最常见位点:肘管

肘管综合征指尺神经在肘部尺神经沟内的一种慢性损伤,又称迟发性尺神经麻痹、迟发性尺神经炎等。发病率仅次于腕管综合征。

病因:先天解剖学因素;外伤-肘外翻、肱骨外上髁骨折、创伤性骨化性肌炎;骨关节病、类风湿;长期屈肘工作。

症状:手背尺侧麻木或刺痛,小指对掌无力及手指收展不灵活。小鱼际肌、骨见肌萎缩,及环、小指正爪状畸形,皮肤痛觉减退。

检查手段:X线检查,肌电图,神经超声。

总结

脑血管病、颈椎病、臂丛神经损伤、正中神经损伤-腕管综合征、桡神经损伤、尺神经损伤-肘管综合症等都会导致一侧神经麻木。

治疗原则:①神经内科进行检查,判断神经有无损害、损害范围。②根据神经损伤的程度、范围、性质来选择是采用药物治疗还是手术治疗。③不能对症下药,而是要对病因治疗。

预防:纠正不良姿势、适当运动、均衡饮食、心情愉快等。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018817, encodeId=f788201881e5f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac205434979' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手指麻木#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54349, encryptionId=ac205434979, topicName=手指麻木)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Sun May 21 10:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160649, encodeId=cb5e1606499b, content=见过最多的是颈椎病引起的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:10:17 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159875, encodeId=95ef1598e5cf, content=学习下,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 08:39:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159829, encodeId=b6c61598295b, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 06:50:07 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-06 晞茗

    见过最多的是颈椎病引起的

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018817, encodeId=f788201881e5f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac205434979' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手指麻木#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54349, encryptionId=ac205434979, topicName=手指麻木)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Sun May 21 10:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160649, encodeId=cb5e1606499b, content=见过最多的是颈椎病引起的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:10:17 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159875, encodeId=95ef1598e5cf, content=学习下,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 08:39:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159829, encodeId=b6c61598295b, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 06:50:07 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-03 1771ae4158m

    学习下,好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018817, encodeId=f788201881e5f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac205434979' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手指麻木#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54349, encryptionId=ac205434979, topicName=手指麻木)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Sun May 21 10:16:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160649, encodeId=cb5e1606499b, content=见过最多的是颈椎病引起的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUXRL1TDgQqL0lGd4picPSdiagzPULnG7zlTlhcwPlb7L1Gz1F9TQtg6qT4WClNViaO0RYzicIfgEyvZ/0, createdBy=aa151988232, createdName=晞茗, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:10:17 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159875, encodeId=95ef1598e5cf, content=学习下,好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 08:39:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159829, encodeId=b6c61598295b, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 06:50:07 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-03 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0