J Exp Med:揭示促甲状腺激素加重血管炎症和动脉粥样硬化形成新机制

2019-04-05 辉宏俊 iNature

甲状腺功能减退症(hypothyroidism,简称甲减),是多种原因引起的甲状腺激素(TH)合成、分泌或生物效应不足所致的一组内分泌疾病,仅有血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平轻度升高,而血清甲状腺激素(FT4,FT3)水平正常,患者无甲减症状或仅有轻微甲减症状,称为亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,简称亚临床甲减),又称为轻微型甲减,潜伏期型甲减、生化性

甲状腺功能减退症(hypothyroidism,简称甲减),是多种原因引起的甲状腺激素(TH)合成、分泌或生物效应不足所致的一组内分泌疾病,仅有血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平轻度升高,而血清甲状腺激素(FT4,FT3)水平正常,患者无甲减症状或仅有轻微甲减症状,称为亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,简称亚临床甲减),又称为轻微型甲减,潜伏期型甲减、生化性甲减和甲状腺储量减少。亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与血管疾病相关,但其潜在机制仍大部分未知。

近日,由山东大学赵家军、张群业团队在JEM上发表了题为“Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis bypromoting macrophage inflammation in plaques”的研究论文。研究结果阐明了促甲状腺激素作为动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,加重血管炎症和促进动脉粥样硬化形成的新机制。

甲状腺功能减退被公认为伴有高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病。传统上,这归因于这些患者甲状腺激素水平下降。然而,在亚临床甲状腺功能减退患者中也发现高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病(包括动脉粥样硬化)的风险增加,这些患者的甲状腺激素水平保持正常,只有促甲状腺素水平增加。这表明促甲状腺激素也可能在动脉粥样硬化中发挥作用,与它对甲状腺激素的影响无关。

促甲状腺激素,又称促甲状腺素,是一种由垂体合成和分泌的糖蛋白激素,因其在下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴中刺激甲状腺激素合成和分泌的经典作用而闻名。仅仅几十年前,人们发现TSH受体(TSHR)在除甲状腺细胞之外的多种细胞中表达,如肝细胞、脂肪细胞和破骨细胞。这表明促甲状腺激素的功能不仅限于调节甲状腺功能。另一方面,TSHR也被报道在巨噬细胞、内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞中表达。这三种类型的细胞与动脉粥样硬化关系最为密切。因此,促甲状腺激素不仅可以通过调节甲状腺功能间接促进动脉粥样硬化,而且可以直接作用于这些细胞。

为了检验上述假设,在一项横断面人群研究中首先分析了促甲状腺激素和动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。人群中动脉粥样硬化的等级通过超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)来监测,这是一种简单、无创的方法,非常适合在大规模人群研究中评估动脉粥样硬化。TSH和动脉粥样硬化之间的因果关系随后用TShr/ApoE/双敲除小鼠进行了证明。此外,体外研究揭示了TSH对巨噬细胞的新促炎作用,其病理生理学意义通过骨髓特异性Tshr缺陷ApoE小鼠得到进一步证实。研究提供了对明显甲状腺功能减退症和自发性高血压易患动脉粥样硬化的机理见解,并提出了先前未被认识到的促炎症和致动脉粥样硬化的促甲状腺激素作用。

原始出处:

Chongbo Yang,et al.Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in plaques.J Exp Med. 2019 Apr 2. pii: jem.20181473.

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