ASA 2015 知识更新(二十一)剖宫产手术麻醉的观点

2016-04-19 牛瑞斌 新青年麻醉论坛

剖宫产手术麻醉的最新观点 ASA 2015 知识更新(二十一) 作者:Lawrence C. Tsen 剖宫产术可追溯到罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·恺撒时期(公元前100年),而他本人可能不是以剖宫产方式出生的。20世纪之前,产妇的死亡率都较高,而当今的发达国家中大约每3位产妇中就有1位通过剖宫产来进行分娩,这得益于外科及麻醉技术的发展、产钳使用的减少、臀位与复杂分娩的减少以及二次

剖宫产手术麻醉的最新观点
ASA 2015 知识更新(二十一)

作者:Lawrence C. Tsen

剖宫产术可追溯到罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·恺撒时期(公元前100年),而他本人可能不是以剖宫产方式出生的。20世纪之前,产妇的死亡率都较高,而当今的发达国家中大约每3位产妇中就有1位通过剖宫产来进行分娩,这得益于外科及麻醉技术的发展、产钳使用的减少、臀位与复杂分娩的减少以及二次剖宫产技术的发展。其中,麻醉技术为剖宫产手术的顺利开展,特别是在确保产妇、胎儿安全等方面,提供了医疗保障。

1、剖宫产手术的预防

椎管内镇痛技术并不会增加剖宫产的机率。因为产程会影响是否需行剖宫产术,所以值得注意的是:与硬膜外麻醉和静脉全身麻醉相比,腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉(CSE)可能导致产程缩短。此外,麻醉方式的选择也可能降低剖宫产手术的几率[例如:改善了产钳/胎头吸引术的镇痛,提高了多胎妊娠阴道分娩的成功率,通过静脉内注射硝酸甘油降低了胎头卡压的风险,以及增加了外转胎位术(ECV)的成功率等。

对臀位妊娠的产妇(发病率约3-5%)使用ECV可以降低产妇及胎儿的死亡率,同时可以降低臀位或手术的花费。椎管内技术通过松弛腹壁肌肉、增加患者舒适度及其他有利方面来增加ECV的成功率。即使前期在无镇痛情况下尝试应用ECV失败后,再采用腰麻(45mg利多卡因+10ug芬太尼)合用子宫收缩抑制剂(硝酸甘油50ug,iv,等待50s)仍有较高的成功率(83%)。无论是初次使用还是在尝试ECV失败后使用,短效腰麻的CSE技术可能是最佳选择:若ECV术成功,短效腰麻可以及时代谢掉;若分娩成功或者需改为手术时,硬膜外导管可以继续镇痛或麻醉。

2、剖宫产手术的麻醉

ASA产科麻醉实践指南更新指出:与全身麻醉(GA)相比,椎管内技术(腰麻、硬膜外麻醉以及CSE)的使用可以有效增加产妇及胎儿的安全性,特别在产妇为高体重指数及存在呼吸道问题时。然而,我们仍应在对患者、麻醉以及分娩等各方面进行充分评估后,实行个体化的麻醉方案。

2.1是否存在首选的麻醉技术

目前,麻醉相关并发症仍然是美国围生期导致产妇死亡的第六大致死因素。毫不奇怪,这些产妇的死亡多是由氧合及通气失败而引发的,但是这些不良事件大多发生在拔管和术后恢复期,而非气管插管期间。

全身麻醉和椎管内麻醉的病死危险比已经从1985~1990年期间的16.7显著降低至1991~2002年间的微不足道的1.7。这一变化可能代表两种趋势:①GA使用率下降,同时关注度和操作方法得以提升(例如备用气道装置的应用);②对患有重大合并症(如肥胖、重度先兆子痫、血液病以及心脏疾病等)的产妇应用椎管内麻醉逐渐为人们所接受。一项回顾性研究表明,1990~1995年间布莱根妇女医院剖宫产术采用GA的比率约为3.5%~7.2%;而到2000~2005年间,每年GA比例不足1%。如此低的GA使用率反映出良好的计划拟定,并且患者、产科医师和护理团队就患者的个体情况进行了充分沟通,沟通内容包括潜在的困难气道和实施椎管内麻醉困难等;早期对患者进行评估以及“预防性”置入硬膜外导管,即使未用于分娩镇痛,也可以改善患者预后。

CSE麻醉技术可以灵活地降低初始药物剂量(可减少低血压的发生,并且恢复更快),同时延长阻滞时间可降低手术并发症和术后疼痛管理中不良事件的发生率。

2.2是否应使用新型的局麻药?

尽管罗哌卡因和左旋布比卡因可能会减少恢复时间及毒性反应,并且在剖宫产手术时表现出良好的安全性和有效性,但在心脏毒性方面,这两个药调整后的效力比布比卡因要明显减少。此外,在妊娠期间,局麻药物毒性反应并不增加,其心脏毒性反应主要发生在血管内意外的大剂量注射时。随着3%氯普鲁卡因和2%利多卡因更普遍、更广泛的应用于剖宫产硬膜外镇痛麻醉中,以及更加规范的药物管理(例如注意追加剂量、总剂量指南以及毒性症状等),血管内毒性反应将极少发生。

2.3是否应使用低剂量布比卡因?

减少局麻药物的使用剂量是减少低血压发生率、加快运动恢复时间以及提高产妇的满意度的有效方法。通过使用腰麻,以及减少局麻药总量,可以实现降低局麻药用量;这也可以节省时间、降低成本和费用以及并发症。当腰麻使用中低剂量(3~9mg)布比卡因时,会明显增加需追加药物的概率(高达40%),因此,应使用CSE麻醉技术。

无论是硬膜外麻醉还是CSE麻醉,为了分娩或者随后的手术而留置硬膜外导管的失败率都较低(前者为6%,n = 133,后者为4%,n = 183)。



2.4低血压是否可以预防?

椎管内麻醉引起的严重且持久的低血压,会降低子宫和胎盘血流,致使胎儿缺氧、酸中毒及新生儿抑制。左倾子宫、治疗或预防性使用升压药可以有效降低低血压的发生率。即使预先给予大剂量(30mL/kg)晶体液,对减轻低血压的效果仍非常有限;更有效的方法应该是腰麻之前预先给予胶体液,或者晶体液与胶体液同时快速输注。减少腰麻的局麻药剂量也可降低低血压的发生率。预防和治疗低血压时,使用去氧肾上腺素对改善产妇血流动力学及胎儿酸碱平衡方面比单独使用麻黄碱或联合使用麻黄碱更加有效。

2.5应当使用何种辅助用药?

辅助药物具有一定的益处,包括减少局部麻醉药的剂量和副作用。目前,新斯的明和可乐定作为新型药物正在进行相关临床研究。在择期剖宫产女性,腰麻中加入高达100µg的新斯的明可明显减少术后疼痛,且对胎心率或Apgar评分无影响。然而,当其在腰麻中剂量减少至6.25µg时,可观察到运动阻滞延长以及恶心呕吐等副作用发生率较高。因此,应放弃在腰麻中使用此类药物;但是,可尝试在硬膜外麻醉中使用。

可乐定用于腰麻和硬膜外麻醉时的剂量分别为15~50ug和50~120ug,都可延长镇痛时间并减少寒战发生率;然而,偶尔会发生轻度低血压或镇静等副作用。目前,可乐定能用于椎管内的唯一指征是顽固性癌痛,而且FDA发出“黑匣子”警示:不推荐在产科、产后以及围手术期疼痛管理中使用硬膜外可乐定。进一步研究可能促进该药在剖宫产中的临床应用。

无防腐剂的硫酸吗啡可以为剖宫产术后患者提供17~27h的镇痛作用。Palmer等人评估了剖宫产术后鞘内和硬膜外应用吗啡的剂量反应。在比较了鞘内注射吗啡0、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5mg的剂量反应后发现,0.1mg吗啡的镇痛效果与0.5mg相当;瘙痒的发生率与剂量相关,但恶心及呕吐的发生率与剂量无关。在比较硬膜外分别使用吗啡2.5、1.25、3.75以及5mg后发现,镇痛效果在3.75mg后就不再提高;瘙痒、恶心、呕吐的发生并无剂量依赖性。硬膜外给予10~15mg的缓释吗啡(Depodur)可以提供48h镇痛作用;然而,硬膜外给予Depodur即刻或1h后,硬膜外导管内再追加局麻药时应慎重,因为会升高吗啡的血浆浓度。

2.6存在最佳药物配伍吗?

近期研究指出,最佳药物配伍如下:



3、剖宫产麻醉的相关问题

3.1抗生素的使用时机

产后感染在剖宫产产妇中的发生率是经阴道分娩产妇的5~20倍,也是妊娠死亡的五大原因之一。为了避免胎儿接触到抗生素,传统的方法是在新生儿娩出、脐带夹闭后使用抗生素。然而,近期研究发现,剖宫产切皮前使用抗生素可显著减少产妇的感染率,而对新生儿脓毒症检测频率和发生率均无明显影响。最近美国妇产科学会与美国儿科学会发表的联合声明也认可上述结论,但其并未明确推荐何种预防性抗生素或广谱抗生素。但不管怎样,切皮前使用抗生素正不断增多,这与其他手术实践是一致的。

3.2催产素和缩宫素的应用

催产素与孕产妇、胎儿、新生儿的不良事件(包括孕产妇死亡)明显有关。目前的指南针对剖宫产术中给予催产素的意见各不相同,仍是经验性的、模糊的,所推荐的剂量20~40IU也无循证学依据。然而,未进入产程的妇女在行择期剖宫产时,仅需少量负荷剂量的催产素(ED90=0.35 IU)就可以产生足够的子宫收缩;进入产程的妇女所需催产素剂量同样很低(ED 90=2.99 IU)。因此,根据循证学依据我们推荐低剂量催产素方案:

剖宫产时催产素使用方案遵循“3”原则:

催产素的负荷剂量为静脉注射3 IU(快速注入,不超过15s);
每3min评估一次。若子宫收缩不足,则再静脉追加注射3 IU 催产素;
催产素总的使用剂量为3次(负荷量+2次追加剂量);
8h内催产素的静脉维持剂量为3 IU(以100 mL/h速度滴注3 IU/L);
若子宫收缩张力持续不足,有3 种药物可供选择(如:麦角新碱、卡前列素与米索前列醇)。

3.3产时及产后出血

剖宫产时及产后出血日益增加,与产妇的并发症率和死亡率明显相关。重要的是能识别可能发生子宫收缩乏力而需要输血这一情况的危险因素,以便于考虑采取相应的预防与治疗措施,包括放置宫内球囊、使用促凝与抗纤溶药物、请介入放射科和血库/血液科医师会诊。



年龄20~34岁,经阴道分娩对照组

3.4术后并发症

疼痛、瘙痒、恶心/呕吐及寒战都是患者术后会涉及的问题。术中椎管内注射吗啡是治疗疼痛的最佳方式,可提供长时间的良好镇痛。随着疼痛治疗的发展,非甾体类药物能增强镇痛效果。Wilder-Smith等发现,联合使用阿片类药物和非甾体类抗炎药在剖宫产后镇痛和预防致敏方面更为有效,优于分别单独使用这两类药。美国儿科学会已将酮咯酸列为母乳喂养期的可用药,且该药已被证明在剖宫产后能有效镇痛。

尽管椎管内阻滞后的瘙痒存在多种可能的机制和治疗方法,但给予直接拮抗剂或部分拮抗剂(如静脉注射纳布啡4mg)要比其他的治疗方式更为有效。剖宫产术后的恶心、呕吐治疗困难。近期发现,剖宫产鞘内注射吗啡后,静脉注射50mg的赛克利嗪要优于静脉注射8mg的地塞米松。最后,术后寒战有多种原因和治疗方法。静脉注射哌替啶25mg、可乐定150μg、多沙普仑100mg、酮色林10mg或阿芬太尼250μg都被证明是有效的,但哌替啶似乎是最有效的。

4、结论

产科麻醉领域的快速变化更多地强调特定技术与给药方案。通过对这些先进理念进行反思与吸收,可以使更多的产妇(和麻醉医师)在剖宫产术前、术中及术后获得良好的体验。

翻译:牛瑞斌  审校:盛    颖

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (8)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-02 lvygwyt2781
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-15 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得拜读

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-04 Liufeng6206

    学习!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-04 Liufeng6206

    不错的文章!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858443, encodeId=745b1858443c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=efd52810cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2810, encryptionId=efd52810cc, topicName=ASA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Thu Feb 02 02:59:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724805, encodeId=68751e2480584, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d4b54521d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术麻醉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54521, encryptionId=2d4b54521d2, topicName=手术麻醉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ac33702606, createdName=xlxchina, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 10:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127119, encodeId=ec5a12e119bf, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84230, encodeId=97288423065, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84231, encodeId=5057842318d, content=不错的文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=baca1705213, createdName=Liufeng6206, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79676, encodeId=4816e96769f, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79677, encodeId=6077e967794, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 19:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79576, encodeId=e2f0e9576da, content=实践出真知。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 16:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 Lisa971

    实践出真知。

    0

相关资讯

Lancet Haematol:选择剖宫产,后代患急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的风险增加

背景病例对照研究结果表明,通过剖宫产(尤其是足月剖宫产)分娩的婴儿患急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的风险增加。然而,研究人员尚不知晓明确二者关系的相关方法,因此研究人员采用调查性数据统计以分析幼年患白血病的儿童和剖宫产之间的关系。 方法研究人员汇集的数据来自13个研究儿童期白血病的国际性的病例对照研究,共涉及9个国家,分别是加拿大、哥斯达黎加、埃及、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、新西兰和美国,参与人员均

European Urology:阴道分娩可增加压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁的发生风险

European Urology:阴道分娩可增加压力性尿失禁和紧迫性尿失禁的发生风险压力性尿失禁(SUI)和紧迫性尿失禁(UUI)的发生与生理及心理的不健康有关,为社会带来沉重的经济负担。但是分娩方式对SUI及UUI的长期影响仍不确定。本研究旨在探究分娩方式对SUI及UUI的长期影响。研究人员检索了2014年10月31日之前MEDLINE,SCOPUS,CINAHL和相关专业的会议摘要,包括校正分

AJOG:足月糖尿病孕妇选择引产术还是期待治疗?

研究者对孕期糖尿病孕妇进行了一项研究,探究引产孕周和剖宫产率间的关系。该研究纳入 863名孕期糖尿病孕妇,在孕37周后进行引产术或自发性镇痛。从医疗记录上获取参与者的人口统计学资料、宫颈情况和妊娠结局。比较同一孕周,进行引产术和期待治疗孕妇的剖宫产率。研究数据显示,校正初产、BMI、基线宫颈评分和孕妇年龄后,孕37周、孕38周和孕39周进行引产术与期待治疗孕妇相比,剖宫产风险相似,分别为aOR 1

JAMA Pediatr:分娩方式及喂养方式可影响孩子的长期健康

据发表于JAMA Pediatrics的一项新的研究表明,6周龄婴儿的肠道菌群可因其分娩以及喂养方式而受影响。

Obstet Gynecol:已识别的风险因素能准确估计顺产成功率吗?

识别与失败的手术在当代产妇阴道分娩相关的因素和评估这些因素是否可以用来准确预测失败的手术阴道分娩。目的:识别当前预测产妇阴道分娩失败的预测因素,及评估这些因素能否准确预测。这是一个病例对照研究来自2005-2014当前正在接受阴道分娩试验的产妇。病例组的产妇是准备阴道分娩但最终剖腹产的人群,对照组是顺利阴道分娩的人群。利用二元和多变量分析来确定预测因素是否与阴道分娩失败独立相关。建立一个操作特征曲

AJOG:延长第二产程时间,可降低剖宫产率

当前美国的剖宫产率约为30%左右,中国的剖宫产率远远超过该数值,尤其是现在二胎开放,前次剖宫产女性再次妊娠,选择再次剖宫产的概率十分大。而剖宫产会给女性带来很多并发症。因此,降低剖宫产率志在必行。发表在美国妇产科杂志的研究称,硬膜外麻醉的孕妇分娩时将第二产程上限设定为4小时(而不是3小时),可降低55%的剖宫产率。来自托马斯杰斐逊大学的研究人员对硬膜外麻醉的孕妇进行了一项研究,将第二产程时间设定为