你知道一个人的才能是从妈妈那里遗传的吗?

2016-12-04 佚名 译言网

聪明的人应该感谢他们的母亲,因为,根据研究人员,他们的母亲主要负责传播智力基因。因此,生存了几个世纪的性别定型观念可能即将消失。想要一个聪明的孩子的单身妇女不需要在最近的精子银行寻找诺贝尔奖,并且男人很可能开始看到妇女的智力作为他们的吸引力的一个重要部分。在这个想法的基础上发现了被称为“条件基因”,其根据其起源而不同地表现。基本上,这些基因具有一种生物化学标签,其允许它们的来源被追踪,甚至揭示

聪明的人应该感谢他们的母亲,因为,根据研究人员,他们的母亲主要负责传播智力基因。因此,生存了几个世纪的性别定型观念可能即将消失。想要一个聪明的孩子的单身妇女不需要在最近的精子银行寻找诺贝尔奖,并且男人很可能开始看到妇女的智力作为他们的吸引力的一个重要部分。
在这个想法的基础上发现了被称为“条件基因”,其根据其起源而不同地表现。基本上,这些基因具有一种生物化学标签,其允许它们的来源被追踪,甚至揭示如果它们在后代细胞中是活性的或不活性的。有趣的是,这些条件基因中的一些仅在来自母亲时才起作用。如果相同的基因从父亲遗传,则其失活。显然,其他基因工作相反,只有当他们来自父亲时才被激活。
母亲的基因直接进入大脑皮层,父亲的那些则进入边缘系统
我们知道情报有一个遗传因素,但直到几年前,我们认为它的很大一部分取决于父亲和母亲。然而,几项研究表明,儿童更可能从母亲继承智力,因为智力基因位于染色体X上。
这一领域的最初研究之一是1984年在剑桥大学进行的,其次是许多其他人。在这些研究中,分析了脑的共同进化和基因组的调节,导致得出结论,母体基因对脑中思想中心的发展贡献最大。
在第一个实验期间,研究人员创造了只有母亲或父亲的基因的大鼠的胚胎。但是当它到达时间将它们转移到成年大鼠的子宫,胚胎死亡。因此,发现存在条件基因,其仅在从母亲遗传并且对胚胎的正常发育至关重要时才被激活。另一方面,父亲的遗传遗传对于形成胎盘的组织的生长是必需的。
当时,研究人员假设,如果这些基因对胚胎的发育很重要,它们也可能在动物和人的生活中发挥主要作用,也许他们甚至可能导致一些大脑功能。问题是如何证明这个想法,因为只有一个父母的基因的胚胎迅速死亡。
研究人员发现了一个解决方案:他们发现,如果正常胚胎细胞维持和其余的操纵,胚胎可以生存。这样,他们创建了几个转基因实验室小鼠,令人惊讶的是,没有发展同样的方式。
那些具有额外剂量的母体基因发展出更大的头部和大脑,但是具有小身体。相反,具有额外剂量的父本基因的那些具有小脑和更大的身体。
为了更深入地分析这些差异,研究人员确定了在控制不同认知功能(从饮食习惯到记忆)的大脑的六个不同部分仅含有母源或父源基因的细胞。
在实践中,在胚胎发育的第一天,任何细胞可以出现在脑中的任何地方,但是随着胚胎成熟和生长,具有父本基因的细胞在脑的一些情感中心累积:下丘脑,杏仁核,视前区和隔膜。这些区域是边缘系统的一部分,其负责确保我们的生存并且参与诸如性别,食物和侵略的功能。然而,研究人员尚未在大脑皮质中发现任何父亲细胞,这是在那里开发的最先进的认知功能,如智力,思想,语言和规划。
新的研究,新的曙光
当然,科学家们一直在研究这个理论。例如,Robert Lehrke透露,大多数孩子的智力取决于X染色体。他还表明,由于妇女有两条X染色体,他们是传播与智力相关的特征的两倍。
最近,德国乌尔姆大学的研究人员研究了脑损伤中涉及的基因,发现其中许多基因,特别是与认知能力有关的基因存在于X染色体中。事实上,精神残疾为30 %在男性中更常见。
但也许在这个意义上最有趣的结果之一来自苏格兰格拉斯哥的医学研究委员会社会和公共卫生科学部门进行的纵向分析。在这项研究中,自1994年以来,每年对12,686名14至22岁的年轻人进行访谈。研究人员考虑了几个因素,从皮肤颜色和教育到社会经济地位。他们发现,智力的最佳预测因子是母亲的智商。事实上,年轻人的智商比他们的母亲平均只有15分。
遗传学不是唯一的因素
除了遗传学,我们还可以找到其他研究,揭示母亲通过身体和情感接触在儿童的智力发展中发挥重要作用。事实上,一些研究表明,安全债券与智力密切相关。
例如,明尼苏达大学的研究人员发现,与母亲发展紧密联系的孩子们在两岁时开始玩复杂的符号游戏的能力更强,在解决问题时显得更少的沮丧。
这是因为一个强大的债券给孩子们探索世界所需的安全性和解决问题而不失去心脏的信心。此外,这些母亲也倾向于给予孩子更高水平的解决问题的支持,从而有助于进一步刺激他们的潜力。
华盛顿大学的研究人员已经证明了情感关系对大脑发育的重要性,他首次揭示了一个安全的债券和母亲的爱情对于大脑某些部分的生长至关重要。七年来,这些研究人员分析了母亲与子女的关系。他们发现,当母亲的情绪支持和充分满足他们的孩子的智力和情感的需要,13岁的孩子的海马比那些情感上遥远的母亲的孩子的10%大。值得一提的是,海马是与记忆,学习和压力反应相关的大脑区域。
当然,这并不是说与父亲的关系不应该充分发展,只是因为我们的社会结构,包括一些仍然存在的性别刻板印象,通常是她花费最多的时间与她小孩子。
我们真的可以谈论遗传智力吗?
据估计,40%至60%的智力是遗传性的。这意味着剩余百分比取决于环境,刺激和个人特征。事实上,我们所说的智力只不过是解决问题的能力。但奇怪的事实是,为了解决问题,即使是一个简单的数学或物理的,边缘系统也进来了,因为我们的大脑工作作为一个整体。因此,即使智力与理性思维功能密切相关,它也受到直觉和情绪的影响,在遗传学上,它们受到父亲的贡献的影响。
此外,我们不能忘记,即使一个孩子具有高智商,我们必须刺激这种情报,并在生活中滋养它的新挑战。否则,情报将停滞不前。
尽管可能受到遗传学的影响,父亲不应该沮丧,因为他们也有很大的贡献他们的孩子的发展,特别是通过情感存在。我们出生的智商很重要,但不是决定性的。


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    2016-12-07 Kim.yu

    学习了,谢谢母亲

    0

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    2016-12-06 187清风

    感谢母亲的x染色体

    0

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    2016-12-06 187清风

    感谢母亲的x染色体

    0

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    2016-12-05 1e184d7bm65(暂无匿称)

    很有意思的文章!

    0

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    2016-12-04 博雷

    要找个聪明贤惠的女朋友

    0

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    2016-12-04 1e19caf7m97(暂无匿称)

    涨姿势了

    0

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