盘点:2019年10月Gastroenterology研究精选

2019-10-03 MedSci MedSci原创

2019年10月Gastroenterology研究精选



【1】内镜下黏膜缺损夹子闭合用于预防结肠息肉术后出血


出血是大结肠息肉内镜黏膜切除术后最常见的严重并发症,近日研究人员考察了息肉切除术后用血管预防黏膜缺损治疗对降低出血风险的效果。

≥20 mm的较大无蒂结肠息肉患者参与研究,随机接受内镜夹子闭合(夹子组)或不闭合 (对照组)。研究的主要终点为术后出血。919例患者参与并完成随访。夹子组3.5%的患者出现术后出血,对照组7.1% (绝对危险差:3.6%)。在615例(66.9%)近端大息肉患者中,夹子组出血风险为3.3%,对照组出血风险为9.6%;在远端大息肉患者中,夹子组出血风险为4.0%,对照组出血风险为1.4%。夹合的效果与抗血栓药物或息肉大小无关。治疗组4.8%的患者和9.5%的对照组患者出现严重不良事件。

【2】Vedolizumab治疗中重度CD


近日研究人员对接受Vedolizumab治疗的CD患者进行了内窥镜、放射学和组织学前瞻性研究。

101名,至少有3个月活动期CD的患者进行本次3b期研究(CD活动指数(CDAI)为220-450分,内镜疾病活动 [SES-CD]为7或以上,存在1个或多个内镜下粘膜溃疡,或常规治疗失败)。参与者在第0、2和6周接受vedolizumab (静脉注射300毫克),然后每8周接受一次,持续26周或52周(56名患者)。研究的主要终点为第26周内镜缓解(SES-CD评分4分或以下),其他终点包括内窥镜缓解 (SES-CD评分降低50%)、放射学缓解(活动评分低于7分)和组织学反应(改良后的全球组织学疾病活动评分为4分或更低)。26周时,11.9%的患者获得内镜下缓解,52周时有17.9%的患者处于内镜缓解状态。在第26周和第52周,接受TNF拮抗剂治疗的患者获得内镜缓解的比例高于TNF拮抗剂治疗失败的患者。中度CD患者(SES-CD评分7-15)在26周和52周获得内镜缓解的比例高于重度CD患者(SES-CD评分>15)。随着时间的推移,完全粘膜愈合的患者比例增加,结肠愈合率高于回肠。26周时21.9%的患者和52周时38.1%的患者通过磁共振肠造影检测到病情缓解。26周时,24.4%的患者出现结肠组织学反应,28.3%的患者回肠出现组织学反应。52周时,20.5%的患者出现结肠组织学反应,34.3%的患者回肠出现组织学反应。

【3】Ustekinumab对CD患者组织学的影响


虽然Ustekinumab是治疗中重度克罗恩病(CD)的有效方法,但其对CD微观表现的影响尚不清楚。

研究人员对251参与诱导和维持III期治疗的患者数据进行了分析,评估了Ustekinumab对组织学CD活性的影响。在第0周、第8周和第44周,对回肠、脾曲和直肠进行两次内镜活检(每个患者18次活检)。根据全球组织学活动评分(GHAS)评估组织学活性。第8周时, Ustekinumab诱导治疗后的平均GHAS显著降低(从10.4下降至7.1),但在接受安慰剂治疗的患者无显著变化。随机接受维持治疗人群中,皮下注射Ustekinumab(每8周90毫克),平均GHAS从第8周开始下降,但每12周治疗或安慰剂组无显著变化。 在维持治疗人群中,每8周使用Ustekinumab,组织学持续改善,而每12周治疗或安慰剂组效果不显著。与每12周或安慰剂相比,每8周接受Ustekinumab治疗的患者在44周时获得组织学反应的比例增加。每8周治疗人群总体平均GHASS与CD的内镜评分相关。多变量分析发现,基线时组织学改善与内镜或组织学负荷之间存在相关性。

【4】2007-2017美国慢性肝病肝外并发症死亡趋势研究


慢性肝病肝外并发症的死亡率趋势近年来发生了很大的变化。近日研究人员就美国病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病(ALD)和非酒精性脂肪肝引起的肝外并发症的死亡率趋势进行了考察。

研究发现,2007-13年间,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者的肝相关死亡率持续上升,但2014-17年间,由于直接作用抗病毒药物(DAA)的使用,死亡率下降。在HCV感染患者中,肝外癌症的年龄标准化死亡率为2.6%,心血管疾病死亡率为1.9%,糖尿病为3.3%。2007-17年间,HBV感染者,肝相关死亡率稳定下降,乙型肝炎病毒引起的肝外并发症的年龄标准化死亡率平均每年增加2.0%。虽然ALD与肝脏相关的死亡率持续上升,但肝外并发症的死亡率并没有明显的变化。在非酒精性脂肪肝患者中,最常见的死因是心血管疾病,随着研究时间的推移,心血管疾病逐渐增加,而肝脏相关死亡率迅速上升。

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    2020-08-30 许安
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