病例分享:股骨下段股内脂肪瘤

2017-10-02 佚名 放射沙龙

骨内脂肪瘤是一种非常少见的原发性骨肿瘤,其发病率占所有骨肿瘤的1%,幼儿发病罕见,常见于中年人,以30~60岁更为多见。好发于长骨的干骺端,尤以下肢为主(34%股骨近端,10%足,8%髂骨等)。根据我们近期收治的1例股骨远端骨内脂肪瘤患者,将其临床表现、影像学检查及病理结果报告如下。

骨内脂肪瘤是一种非常少见的原发性骨肿瘤,其发病率占所有骨肿瘤的1%,幼儿发病罕见,常见于中年人,以30~60岁更为多见。好发于长骨的干骺端,尤以下肢为主(34%股骨近端,10%足,8%髂骨等)。根据我们近期收治的1例股骨远端骨内脂肪瘤患者,将其临床表现、影像学检查及病理结果报告如下。

病例资料

42岁男性患者,因活动后致右膝疼痛1个月余入院,活动后加重,休息后疼痛可减轻,就诊于当地医院行X线检查示右股骨下段约8.7CM×3.8CM密度增高影(见图1),考虑骨纤维异常增殖症,为进一步诊治来我院。自发病以来无体重减轻,无发热、盗汗等。查体示右膝上无肿胀,皮温不高,未见静脉怒张,膝上轻微压痛,未触及肿物,膝关节屈伸活动无受限,远端感觉、血运正常。入院后行CT检查示右股骨下段髓腔内间见约8.3CM×3.5CM×2.1CM不规则异常密度影,边界清楚,边缘可见硬化边,病灶内可见磨玻璃样改变,诊断提示右股骨下段纤维原性改变,考虑骨纤维异常增殖或非骨化纤维瘤可能性大(见图2)。



MRI示右股骨下段髓腔内间见约8.3CM×3.5CM×2.1CM不规则异常密度影,T1WI呈等信号为主等低混杂信号,T2WI呈等信号为主高低等混杂信号,T2fs等信号成分信号减低(与正常髓腔信号相仿),边缘可见低信号环绕(见图3)。完善相关检查后行右股骨远端肿瘤刮除植骨术,术中探查见股骨远端骨皮质完整,肿瘤位于髓腔内,无明显包膜,肿瘤瘤腔内见暗色肉芽样组织夹杂骨样组织,手感较油腻,将其完全刮除,石碳酸、酒精处理瘤腔后植骨,股骨远端外侧接骨板固定(见图4)。术后病理回报示右股骨远端脂肪瘤,伴有部分编织性骨向成熟骨过渡反应。

结果

(一)病因

骨内脂肪瘤起源于骨髓内的脂肪组织,可以化生成骨,而成为骨化性脂肪瘤,本例脂肪组织中含有部分编织骨,即属于此类脂肪瘤。病因尚不明确,Bertran等研究认为由于未知原因使骨松质内结缔组织网眼中脂肪细胞大量增生形成,或为脂肪性骨髓凝聚而成。也有部分学者认为高脂蛋白血症、脂瘤性营养异常性巨大发育或者部分先天基因突变遗传因素可能是骨内脂肪瘤的病因。此类疾病大多无典型的临床症状,少部分可表现为疼痛、肿胀及相关部位的压痛。Milgram根据病理学和影像学将骨内脂肪瘤分为Ⅲ型:Ⅰ型为有活力的脂肪细胞,病灶呈透亮影;二型为部分脂肪细胞钙化、坏死,局部放射学密度增加;Ⅲ型为脂肪细胞钙化、坏死伴有囊性变,病灶内可见厚的不透光边界。

(二)影像学表现

X线可表现为低密度灶及中心或边缘的钙化影,伴硬化缘。CT表现为病灶边界清晰,边缘一般都有连续性的硬化,MRI表现脂肪组织短T1长T2信号,同时脂肪抑制序列呈低信号;钙化或骨化则均为低信号;坏死囊变及黏液变则呈长T1长T2信号;纤维化部分呈中等T1中等T2信号。由于该疾病比较少见,容易出现误诊,因此有学者提出骨内脂肪瘤的影像学表现虽可多种多样,但均含有特征性的脂肪成分,病灶内钙化和病灶边缘骨质硬化是其重要征象。

(三)治疗及预后

目前对于骨内脂肪瘤的治疗尚未达成共识,有学者提出本病有恶变的倾向需积极手术干预,但也有部分学者认为对于症状不明显或没有病理性骨折的骨内脂肪瘤,大多可采取保守治疗,且骨内脂肪瘤预后良好,术后很少复发。通过查阅既往相关文献总结认为:MiRels评分通过对骨肿瘤患者评估预防性内固定及病理性骨折之间的收益已广泛应用。对于无症状及潜在病理性骨折风险小的病例,可以通过临床及影像学检查进行积极的随访,发现问题时及时进行干预。对于有疼痛或潜在发生病理性骨折的病例需积极手术治疗,手术方法主要是刮除、植骨、固定,Salgado等报道通过刮除病灶后填充骨水泥来治疗骨内脂肪瘤也得到了满意的疗效。

综上所述,骨内脂肪瘤是非常少见的骨髓内肿瘤,有比较典型的影像学表现,加强对该病的影像学认识,通过MiRels客观评分及有无临床症状选择随访观察或者手术治疗。

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    2017-10-10 zb1235672

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    2017-10-03 flysky120

    为什么肿瘤发病率高了.治疗癌症的能力不够.希望以后可以彻底治疗癌症

    0

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    2017-10-03 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医疗技术

    0

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    2017-10-03 周周人

    学习.

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251709, encodeId=a087251e0915, content=好知识.值得学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59321624668, createdName=zb1235672, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 12:08:07 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1384774, encodeId=ae0a1384e74c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27348436847' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84368, encryptionId=27348436847, topicName=脂肪瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=afdf491, createdName=lilili1104, createdTime=Wed Oct 04 11:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529686, encodeId=93391529686b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70ff81e9156' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#股骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81791, encryptionId=70ff81e9156, topicName=股骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9d3011964327, createdName=wangyang7962, createdTime=Wed Oct 04 11:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249968, encodeId=6f0a2499681c, content=为什么肿瘤发病率高了.治疗癌症的能力不够.希望以后可以彻底治疗癌症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 10:38:12 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249932, encodeId=6976249932b6, content=学习了很多先进的医疗技术, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161027/IMG58114E1818EA51495.jpg, createdBy=4b2c1959822, createdName=雅文博武, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 08:01:14 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249878, encodeId=27872498e8ee, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Tue Oct 03 06:59:03 CST 2017, time=2017-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=249799, encodeId=3e53249e995c, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Mon Oct 02 21:46:38 CST 2017, time=2017-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-02 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享

    0

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