Cell突破丨李栋组开发新型超分辨成像技术揭示细胞器互作新现象

2018-10-28 刘艳、钟桂生等 BioArt

光学显微镜在生命科学研究中发挥至关重要的作用。近年来光学成像研究技术突飞猛进,人们的终极目标是希望对活细胞实现实时、无损、高清的成像研究。

光学显微镜在生命科学研究中发挥至关重要的作用。近年来光学成像研究技术突飞猛进,人们的终极目标是希望对活细胞实现实时、无损、高清的成像研究。

虽然传统的宽场荧光成像速度足够快,但是它具有失焦背景,这很容易掩盖发生在细胞器细胞上的事件。全内反射荧光(Total internal reflection fluorescence,TIRF)显微术消除了这种背景,但它只能在距离基底膜100nm以内成像(Steyer and Almers,2001),因为距离太小而不能跨越许多细胞器及其细胞器接触部位。旋转转盘共聚焦显微镜( Spinning-disk confocal microscopy,SDCM)消除失焦背景和对基底膜的限制,但以大量光漂白和降低速度为代价:在以前的SDCM细胞器相互作用动力学研究中(Friedman et.al,2011;Rowland et.al,2014),成像速度被限制在2到5秒/帧,持续时间为2分钟。所有这些方法共同的另一个问题是,它们受到衍射限制到200纳米左右的横向分辨率。为了更清楚地了解潜在的细胞器接触,我们必须转向超分辨率(SR)荧光显微镜。

结构光照明荧光超高分辨率显微镜(SIM, Structured illumination microscopy)在活细胞成像中具有较大的优势。普通的宽场2D SIM(Gustafsson, 2000)易受焦外背景影响,活体细胞TIRF—SIM分辨率高,成像速度快(高达3.7帧/秒),但只能采集到紧贴盖玻片的很薄一层。然而,大多数的细胞器的相互作用都在TIRF光照范围之外。因此开发出一种成像技术,具有较高的时间-空间分辨率,低光漂白和光毒性,能实时无创地监测活细胞内如内质网这样的特定细胞器,追踪其快速、并持续数分钟的重新排列过程,会对很多传统的细胞生物学课题的研究具有较大的推动作用。

10月25日,中国科学院生物物理研究所李栋课题组与美国霍华德休斯医学研究所Eric Betzig博士、Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz博士合作在Cell杂志发表了题为Visualizing intracellular organelle and cytoskeletal interactions at nanoscale resolution on millisecond timescales的论文,详细介绍了一种观测细胞内动态过程的新技术——掠入射-结构光照明超高分辨率显微成像技术(GI-SIM, Grazing Incidence Structured Illumination Microscopy),该技术克服了全内反射荧光成像(TIRF)的成像深度局限,实现了快速(266帧/秒)、高分辨率(97-nm)的活细胞超分辨成像,为解析细胞中细胞器(内质网、线粒体等)膜相互作用及微管功能的研究提供了新的洞见。

在真核细胞中,细胞器与细胞骨架实时发生高度动态、同时又被严密调控的相互作用,以协调复杂的细胞功能。观测这些动态过程,需要对细胞的内部环境进行非侵入性的、长时程的成像,并要求成像技术应具备非常高的时-空分辨率,以及很低的成像背景。为达到这些通常情况下相互矛盾的目标,李栋课题组等发展了掠入射-结构光照明超高分辨率显微成像技术(GI-SIM, Grazing Incidence Structured Illumination Microscopy)这种新的成像方法。该方法能够突破现有技术局限,对细胞基底膜附近的动态过程以97nm分辨率,266帧/秒的速度,进行超过数千时间点的持续成像。

利用多色GI-SIM技术,李栋课题组研究了多种细胞器与细胞骨架的快速动态相互作用,为人们提供了对这些结构之间复杂行为的新认识。精确测量微管生长或者收缩事件有助于区分微管动态不稳定性模型。分析内质网与其它细胞器或者微管的相互作用,揭示了新的内质网重塑机制(微管解聚端牵引、搭便车和微管非依赖三种管状内质网延伸方式);研究还发现了内质网-线粒体接触点能够促进线粒体的分裂与融合(约60%的线粒体融合事件发生在线粒体与内质网的接触位点,并且与内质网接触的线粒体融合事件通常快于那些没有与内质网接触的融合事件);首次观测到处于运动状态的溶酶体可引起管状内质网的瞬时断裂;首次在哺乳动物细胞中证实不同种细胞器间存在广泛的“搭便车”(Hitchhiking)互作现象,并观测到线粒体、内质网等细胞器的形态改变和迁移可通过搭载到其它正在运动的细胞器上实现,而无需其直接招募马达蛋白。

技术展望:

GI-SIM提供了超高分辨率、高速、多色成像,以及低光漂白、低光毒性的组合优势,因而非常适合于细胞内动态生命过程的研究。与TIRF或TIRF-SIM相比,GI-SIM技术能够探测到的样品深度能达到上述技术的大约10倍;并能获得比之前强10倍的荧光信号。与SDCM相比,GI-SIM的空间分辨率显着提高2倍,成像速度也显着提高近10倍;与其它的超高分辨率方法相比,GI-SIM在时间-空间分辨率上取得了更好的平衡,并具备低光漂白及光毒性特征,实现在细胞大小的视场中进行活细胞成像。此外,荧光基团的光物理性质的持续提升,也将为GI-SIM技术获得超过97nm分辨率与266帧/秒成像速度的性能提升提供进一步的保证。

GI-SIM技术仍具备进一步提升改进的可能性。李栋课题组报道的GI-SIM技术,其成像速度高达266帧/秒/颜色,高于许多成对的细胞器相互作用研究需要的速度。若结合近期发展的谱分解方法,进行高光谱超高分辨率成像,可为6个或者更多细胞器多方相互作用的同期实时成像研究提供可能性。此外,目前GI-SIM是一种严格的2D技术,通过多NA激发,并辅以更多的原始图像数据,有可能实现对活细胞基底膜附近动态过程的3D解析。

李东课题组发展的GI-SIM方法,提供了获得超高时-空分辨率,以及对活细胞产生最小损伤性的成像途径,满足了对活细胞开展细胞内动态成像的需求。该技术具有广泛的应用前景,为研究体外培养细胞,或者对组织边缘细胞内极为微小,并且高度动态的相互作用过程,打开了一个新窗口。我们期待以后随着技术的革新,开发出更高空间分辨率和时间分辨率的成像方法,可以用来观测活细胞或者组织中的分子的动态变化过程。

原始出处:
Yuting Guo 7,Di Li 7,Siwei Zhang,et al.Visualizing Intracellular Organelle and Cytoskeletal Interactions at Nanoscale Resolution on Millisecond Timescales.Published:October 25, 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.057

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961228, encodeId=454119612280a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Mar 29 08:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1813429, encodeId=843a1813429d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fef992e42f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#超分辨成像技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92742, encryptionId=fef992e42f0, topicName=超分辨成像技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Fri Oct 04 18:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870955, encodeId=917f18e0955b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Mar 03 21:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351588, encodeId=a796351588af, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bd41982263, createdName=月影子说, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 09:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351251, encodeId=ecea351251f7, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bd41982263, createdName=月影子说, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 10:05:57 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471615, encodeId=4aa714e161596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0132410554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#互作#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24105, encryptionId=c0132410554, topicName=互作)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dc87121468, createdName=ylz8405, createdTime=Tue Oct 30 11:39:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570760, encodeId=eb0d15e0760b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=03d55395183' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成像技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53951, encryptionId=03d55395183, topicName=成像技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d6b515702368, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Tue Oct 30 11:39:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350800, encodeId=898535080060, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Oct 28 22:41:01 CST 2018, time=2018-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-05 月影子说

    学习

    0

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    2018-11-02 月影子说

    学习

    0

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    2018-10-30 ylz8405
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    2018-10-28 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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