Ann Oncol:HER2+胃癌患者或是拉帕替尼治疗的获益人群

2018-02-25 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

近日,《Ann Oncol》杂志在线发表的一项新研究,对应用拉帕替尼治疗的胃癌患者疗效进行探索分析,并对治疗期间基因组学层面的变化进行研究,以期得出可能对拉帕替尼疗效有潜在预测作用的生物标志物。

近日,《Ann Oncol》杂志在线发表的一项新研究,对应用拉帕替尼治疗的胃癌患者疗效进行探索分析,并对治疗期间基因组学层面的变化进行研究,以期得出可能对拉帕替尼疗效有潜在预测作用的生物标志物。

背景

人表皮生长因子2(HER2)是HER2过度表达的胃癌(GC)中首个被验证的新型靶点。目前对于胃癌靶点检测的经验有限,曲妥珠单抗联合化疗治疗HER2阳性晚期胃癌食管癌试验(ToGA)是主要的数据来源之一。ToGA中对于HER2高表达的胃癌患者中,曲妥珠单抗与化疗相比总体OS显著提(HR=0.65;中位OS,16.0月vs 11.8月)。拉帕替尼(Tykerb)是一种EGFR1和HER2双酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。TyTAN研究是在亚洲晚期HER2过表达人群中进行的,比较拉帕替尼联合紫杉醇对比紫杉单药的二线治疗疗效。LOGiC研究对比拉帕替尼与卡培他滨、奥沙利铂(CapeOx)作为一线治疗方案在HER2阳性胃癌的疗效。遗憾的是,这两项试验均未能证实拉帕替尼的总体生存获益。但是,在LOGiC研究的亚洲和年轻患者亚组中出现了拉帕替尼获益的曙光。与ToGA试验不同,TyTAN和LOGiC试验采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)作为生物标志物来扩增HER2,而没有考虑HER2免疫组化的结果,这可能会导致纳入一些非HER2过表达的患者而影响试验结果。此外,TyTAN试验中,免疫组化检测HER2高表达的患者亚组在接受拉帕替尼治疗后,OS有获益趋势(风险比0.59,P=0.176),这与ToGA试验结论一致。因此,虽然LOGiC或TyTAN试验的总体结果阴性,但并不能否定拉帕替尼在HER2过表达胃癌群体中的潜在获益。然而,为了更精准的找出拉帕替尼的获益人群,分子层面的进一步剖析是至关重要的。所以,本项研究的目的是确定对拉帕替尼治疗敏感的预测生物标记物,并通过基因组学层面的分析探索拉帕替尼治疗期间的分子水平变化。

方法

本研究前瞻性地评估拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨、奥沙利铂方案一线新辅助治疗,在未经治疗的HER2过表达的晚期胃癌患者中的疗效。同时通过免疫组化和第二代测序技术对组织和血液标本检测进行生物标志物研究。

结果

2013年5月至2015年11月期间,研究共纳入32例患者,绝大多数是男性(81.3%),中位年龄为64(23~80)岁。其中28例患者HER2过度表达。2017年4月1日进行数据分析,中位随访时间为22.9个月。共有29例患者能够对其疗效进行评价:其中7例(21.8%)达到完全缓解(CR),包括2例病理证实的CR;15例达到部分缓解(46.8%),总体响应率为68.6% (95%CI, 49.9-83.8)(图1)。达到CR的7里患者中,缓解持续时间从6.2个月到45.9个月不等(图2)。



图1 经拉帕替尼治疗的患者临床反应瀑布图



图2 经拉帕替尼治疗后的缓解持续时间

32例入组患者中,16例有足够肿瘤标本进行下一代测序(NGS)。结果显示最常见的共同发生的拷贝数变化是CCNE1扩增,存在于40%的HER2阳性患者中。但意外的是,存在CCNE1扩增的患者对HER2靶向治疗倾向于无应答(CCNE1扩增的患者中有、无应答者分别为22.2%和66.7%;P=0.08)。据此提示我们,CCNE1扩增可能是拉帕替尼治疗效果的潜在预测因素(图3)。



图3 CCNE1扩增与非扩增患者的治疗应答率

相反,与低水平ERBB2扩增患者相比,高水平ERBB2扩增的患者更有可能对治疗反应敏感(P=0.02,图4)。



图4 应答和非应答患者的ERBB2水平

游离DNA(cfDNA)分析同样显示血浆中可检测的ERBB2拷贝数扩增与拉帕替尼治疗敏感性相关。取得长期反应后又发生疾病进展的患者cfDNA基因组学显示出现了其他基因组畸变,如MYC,EGFR,FGFR2和MET扩增。

此外,肿瘤进展过程中HER2的状态也会发生改变。7例患者进行了进展后活检,其中4人(57%)结果显示在治疗过程中HER2持续高表达;但其他3人(43%)则在进展后转为HER2阴性。这个现象提示我们尤其对那些靶向药物治疗无效的患者,重新进行活检是非常重要的,这与先前的研究结果一致。

结论

本研究显示,对于HER2阳性的胃癌患者,高ERBB2扩增或cfDNA可作为患者选择的预测因素;并且观察到在靶向药物治疗期间肿瘤基因组会发生显著改变。

Tips

生物标志物的探索在肿瘤个体化、精准化治疗的大背景下,越来越多地出现在各种研究中。通常生物标志物可以按照其作用分为预后(prognostic)和预测(predictive)标志物。前者是重在探讨标志物状态与肿瘤结局关系,而后者重在探讨根据标志物的状态是否能够找到治疗最佳获益的人群。

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    2018-06-03 minlingfeng
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    2018-02-27 121832a9m88暂无昵称

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    2018-02-27 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-02-26 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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