JAMA Surg:CDC时隔将近20年更新手术部位感染预防指南

2017-07-26 应颖秋 环球医学资讯

随着外科手术量的持续飙升,预防手术部位感染(SSIs)越来越重要。美国疾病预防与控制中心基于循证的方法更新了手术部位感染预防指南。指南的全文于2017年5月发表在《JAMA Surg》上。

随着外科手术量的持续飙升,预防手术部位感染(SSIs)越来越重要。美国疾病预防与控制中心基于循证的方法更新了手术部位感染预防指南。指南的全文于2017年5月发表在《JAMA Surg》上。

重要性:治疗手术部位感染(SSIs)的人员和经济成本在不断增加。美国开展手术的数量持续上升,手术患者初期可见日益复杂的并发症。据估计,大约一半的手术部位感染被认为采用循证策略是可预防的。

目的:为SSI预防提供新的和更新的循证指南。

证据评价:在MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL和Cochrane图书馆中开展一项有针对性的文献系统评价,检索时间为从1998年至2014年4月。采用改良的推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)方法评估证据的质量和产生建议的强度,并提供它们之间明确的联系。在文献检索中识别出的5487个潜在相关研究中,5759个题目和摘要被筛选,由2名单独评价者对896篇进行全文评估。排除后,170项研究被提取用于证据、评估和分类。

结果:手术前,患者至少在手术前一天晚上应该用肥皂(抗菌或非抗菌)或防腐剂淋浴或洗澡(全身)。只有基于已发表的临床指南有适应症时才应该给予抗菌预防,药物的杀菌浓度基于切口切开时的血清和组织。在剖腹产手术中,抗菌预防应在皮肤切开前给药。手术室的备皮应使用基于乙醇的药物,除非有禁忌症。在清洁和污染手术中,手术室中缝合手术切口后不应给予额外的预防性抗菌药物,即使在导尿的情况下。手术切口不应该使用局部抗菌药。在手术过程中,应该实施血糖控制,血糖目标水平低于200 mg/dL,所有患者都应保持正常体温。对于接受气管插管全身麻醉的肺功能正常的患者,在手术期间和术后立即拨管时应该增加吸入氧浓度。不应该因预防SSI而停止手术患者的血液产品的输注。

结论:本指南旨在为SSI预防提供新的和更新的循证指南,并且应该被纳入到综合的外科质量改进项目来改善患者安全。

1、CDC上一个版本的预防手术部位感染指南发表于1999年。尽管该指南为循证的,但大多数建议是基于专家意见,为循证医学时代之前的方法。
2、CDC更新的该最新版本的指南,使用GRADE作为循证方法,为本指南中的建议提供了基础。
3、需要进行效能足够设计精心的研究来探讨具体的干预措施对SSI发生率的影响,以解决证据空白。本指南的后续修订将遵循新的研究和技术进步以防止SSIs。

原始出处
Berríos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW,et al.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 2017.JAMA Surg. 2017 May 3. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0904. [Epub ahead of print]

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975956, encodeId=240419e595683, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b014533e4a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染预防#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53374, encryptionId=b014533e4a1, topicName=感染预防)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=yeye5224612, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 15:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370532, encodeId=27b313e0532b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=00505450e5f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术部位感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54507, encryptionId=00505450e5f, topicName=手术部位感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 08:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226611, encodeId=0e0722661154, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 18:07:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226592, encodeId=6d76226592c6, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 17:17:15 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975956, encodeId=240419e595683, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b014533e4a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#感染预防#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53374, encryptionId=b014533e4a1, topicName=感染预防)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=yeye5224612, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 15:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370532, encodeId=27b313e0532b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=00505450e5f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#手术部位感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54507, encryptionId=00505450e5f, topicName=手术部位感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 08:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226611, encodeId=0e0722661154, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 18:07:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226592, encodeId=6d76226592c6, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 17:17:15 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-26 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-07-26 清风拂面

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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