Eur J Heart Fail:欧洲利尿剂治疗心衰声明:优化使用利尿剂,根据尿钠判断利尿剂抵抗

2019-02-28 卢芳 中国循环杂志

利尿剂是治疗心力衰竭治疗的基石。指南强烈建议,使用袢利尿剂可缓解容量超负荷的症状和体征。但在有肾功能恶化、利尿剂抵抗和电解质紊乱的情况下,如何用好利尿剂有一定挑战性。

利尿剂是治疗心力衰竭治疗的基石。指南强烈建议,使用袢利尿剂可缓解容量超负荷的症状和体征。但在有肾功能恶化、利尿剂抵抗和电解质紊乱的情况下,如何用好利尿剂有一定挑战性。

近日,欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)发布了一份利尿剂治疗充血性心衰的立场声明,针对这些问题进行了阐述。

声明指出,体液潴留常可代替充血,但54%的急性心力衰竭患者在入院前体重没有明显增加,表明体液潴留不完全是急性心力衰竭的诱因,体液重新分配也可导致充血。本共识主要用于有体液潴留的患者。

声明建议,入院后1 h内,对于有体液潴留的患者,如果之前没有用过袢利尿剂,起始剂量可静脉给予≥20~40 mg速尿。

若之前在家曾使用速尿,静脉的起始剂量为24小时口服剂量的1~2倍。

之后患者排空膀胱,并计算尿量。

若最初2小时没有达到点尿钠<50-70 mEq / L和(或)最初6 h平均尿钠<100~150 mL/h,通常表明患者对利尿剂反应不良,则需加倍静脉给药之后6小时再次评估,若仍反应不良,则重复这一过程直至最大袢利尿剂剂量。

入院第二天,若患者仍处于充血状态,应对24 h尿量进行评估:

当尿量>3~4 L/24 h,持续当前治疗剂量直至充血状态改善;若日尿量>5 L,考虑减少袢利尿剂剂量。

注:A:容量超负荷充血状态的处理;B:24 h后的治疗;总的袢利尿剂剂量可以连续输注也可弹丸式给药;*:尽快改善充血状况,考虑其他引起呼吸困难的原因;°:静脉袢利尿剂的最大剂量通常为呋塞米400~600 mg或10~15 mg布美他尼。#:在单次袢利尿剂利尿效果良好的患者中,可考虑每天给药一次

图3  利尿剂在急性心衰的治疗

声明建议,对于阶梯式药物治疗无效的心衰患者,可考虑用超滤治疗。

在急性心衰发生时,神经体液激活、肾功能不全或利尿剂应用等会引起电解质异常,常表现为低钠(血清钠< 135 mEq/L,)和低钾(血清钾< 3.5 mEq/L)。

使用袢利尿剂是低钾血症的最常见原因,但噻嗪类利尿剂的利尿作用更强。低钾血症的治疗包括使用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂治疗和补钾。

应用利尿剂经常会致镁损失,可能导致难治性低钾血症,鉴于此,可在应用利尿剂时补充镁。

有研究发现,每天用100毫克螺内酯,并不优于每天应用25 mg在降低NT-proBNP或增加尿量方面的效果。螺内酯的起效时间需要48-72小时。

对于慢性心衰急性发作入院前应用袢利尿剂的患者,在之后出院后或需给予更高剂量。此外,若此前使用的是呋塞米,可转换为布美他尼或托拉塞米。

原始出处:Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola VP, et a. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019 Feb;21(2):137-155.

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    2019-03-01 zhaojie88
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271951, encodeId=0ef912e1951ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=573332291bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32291, encryptionId=573332291bd, topicName=利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339167, encodeId=8f12133916e32, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357121, encodeId=26ad135e12161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563062, encodeId=45ee1563062b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361642, encodeId=04fd36164218, content=欧州利尿剂治疗心衰声明。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:53:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361639, encodeId=3f603616392d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:49:48 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361638, encodeId=e9493616383c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:42:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361637, encodeId=888a36163e8b, content=实用性很强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=de251621835, createdName=eagleking123, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:38:49 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-01 slcumt
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271951, encodeId=0ef912e1951ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=573332291bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32291, encryptionId=573332291bd, topicName=利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339167, encodeId=8f12133916e32, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357121, encodeId=26ad135e12161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563062, encodeId=45ee1563062b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361642, encodeId=04fd36164218, content=欧州利尿剂治疗心衰声明。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:53:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361639, encodeId=3f603616392d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:49:48 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361638, encodeId=e9493616383c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:42:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361637, encodeId=888a36163e8b, content=实用性很强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=de251621835, createdName=eagleking123, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:38:49 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-28 jyzxjiangqin

    欧州利尿剂治疗心衰声明。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271951, encodeId=0ef912e1951ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=573332291bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32291, encryptionId=573332291bd, topicName=利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339167, encodeId=8f12133916e32, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357121, encodeId=26ad135e12161, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563062, encodeId=45ee1563062b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Fri Mar 01 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361642, encodeId=04fd36164218, content=欧州利尿剂治疗心衰声明。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:53:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361639, encodeId=3f603616392d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:49:48 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361638, encodeId=e9493616383c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:42:40 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=361637, encodeId=888a36163e8b, content=实用性很强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=de251621835, createdName=eagleking123, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 06:38:49 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-28 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2019-02-28 smartxiuxiu

    0

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    2019-02-28 eagleking123

    实用性很强

    0

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