JAMA:急性缺血性卒中强化血糖管理不能获益

2019-08-17 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

大约40%的急性缺血性卒中合并高血糖,高血糖与临床预后恶化有关,包括梗死体积扩大和出血性梗死转换。研究显示急性脑缺血期间的高血糖通过多重机制促进缺血性损伤,比如内皮功能障碍、增加氧化应激和受损的纤维蛋白溶解。


大约40%的急性缺血性卒中合并高血糖,高血糖与临床预后恶化有关,包括梗死体积扩大和出血性梗死转换。研究显示急性脑缺血期间的高血糖通过多重机制促进缺血性损伤,比如内皮功能障碍、增加氧化应激和受损的纤维蛋白溶解。

急性卒中治疗高血糖的唯一有效性试验-GIST试验中(80%的患者无糖尿病史,16%为出血性卒中),24h 治疗期间的血糖水平差异仅为10mg/dL。由于招募太慢,该试验提前终止,效能不足因此不能验证治疗的疗效。两组功能预后没有显著性差异。

随后的研究评价了急性脑缺血采取强化血糖控制的可行性和安全性,这些研究发现是可行的和有保障的。其他的试验受限于样本量或两个治疗组为达到充分的差异。当前 AHA 指南推荐血糖控制目标为7.8-10 mmol/L,密切监护以预防低血糖,但是支持的数据有限。

由于急性卒中患者高血糖很常见,缺乏有效的随机对照试验,需要优化的管理策略。2019年7月来自美国的Karen C. Johnston等在 JAMA 上公布了SHINE 试验结果,目的在于验乞急性缺血性卒中期间强化高血糖管理的有效性。

SHINE为随机、盲法终点、多中心的临床试验,从2012年到2018年共63家中心参与。纳入的标准包括急性缺血性卒中,成人,高血糖(糖尿病患者血糖>110 mg/dL,无糖尿病患者血糖>=150mg/dL),发病12h 内纳入。共1151例患者符合纳入标准。

纳入的患者随机接受持续静脉输注胰岛素(计算机决策支持工具)(目标血糖80-130 mg/dL [4.4 - 7.2 mmol/L],强化组,n=581)或皮下注射胰岛素(胰岛素计算尺)(目标血糖80-179 mg/dL [4.4-9.9 mmol/L],标准治疗组,n=570),直到72h。

主要有效性终点为90天良好预后的比例(mRS评分)。

共随机了1151例患者,1118例完成试验。根据预先设定的间断分析标准,因为无效故中断了该试验。治疗期间,强化组平均血糖为6.6 mmol/L,标准组为9.9 mmol/L。强化组和标准组预后良好的比例分别为20.5%和21.6%(adjusted relative risk, 0.97 [95%CI, 0.87 to 1.08], P = 0.55; unadjusted risk difference, ?0.83%[95%CI, ?5.72% to 4.06%])。强化组和标准组因低血糖或其他不良事件终止试验的比例分别为11.2%和3.2%。严重低血糖仅发生于强化组(15例)。

最终作者认为对于缺血性卒中合并高血糖的患者,72h 的强化血糖控制和标准控制的90天良好预后没有显著性差异。该研究不支持在该情况下采取强化的血糖管理策略。

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    2019-08-27 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2019-08-17 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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